As a result of the revolutionary armed revolt of the workers' Paris Commune was born in the year 1871. It was the state of a new type. " Take a look at Paris Commune,- Engels wrote.- That was the dictatorship of the proletariat."
Paris Commune appeared to be the first proletariat revolution. It broke down the bourgeois governmental machine and changed it with the new organization of power. Commune destroyed the old army by it's first decree, then it attacked the police- bueraucratic governmental apparatus, proclaiming the appointment by election and replacement of the governmental officials. It broke with the bourgeois parliamentarian principle of the "division of power", putting into practice the unity of legislative and executive powers. The Communards declared the separation of church from the government and brought in general education.
All these was the realization of the communist principles. That is why Marx wrote, that the revolt of Parisian proletariat " is the most glorious deed of our party since the time of parisian june rising." Marx gave advices to the Commune statesmen, explained the true essence of the events, which happened in Paris at that time, as Lenin have said later , Marx acted as "the participant of the mass struggle."
The Comune arroused the creative and revolutionary initiattive of masses. This shows it's power. Marx called parisian communards HEROES , WHO WERE READY TO ASSAULT THE SKY. But the great social energy developed spontaneously, and this shows the weakness of the Commune. Parisian proletariat didn't have workers' party, the necessary preparation and training. Blankists and prudonists misleade proletariat with their theories. And the biggest mistake of the Commune was the refusal of money and the valuables of the french bank confiscation. Commune underestimated the significance of fighting counter- revolutionary propaganda and diversions, didn't organize the attack on the forces of the counter- revolution, which concentrated in Versailles. It couldn't set the connection with the class of peasants. All these quickened it's fall.
In the " Civil War in France" and in the " Introduction " to this work Marx and Engels deeply analyzed the experience of the Commune. They made important theoretical and political conclusions from this exeprience: the working class can win only if it is leaded by the revolutionary party, which is armed with the scientific theory of the social development; it is necessary to unite the wide scope of mass initiative, their revolutionary creativity with the organizing role of the communist party; socialist revolution has to resolutely oppress the resistence and counter - revolutionary faint efforts of the exploiter classes,it has to destroy old and to create new governmental machine.
According to Marx, Commune was open political form, during which economical liberation of labour could take place.