A great deal of it is, as Hiero says, based on how society reacts to such things. Where I live at the moment casual racism and homophobia is a big problem - when I say casual racism, I mean stuff like "f-wing Pakis are always the ones who make my life difficult". That is a quote from my ex-boss by the way <_<
The way to combat it is, I think, to explain what the idiot phrases and words that kids pick up remarkably quickly mean, and why they are wrong. If you ever hear a kid say something like that, ask them "Why did you say that?" and get them to explain themselves. Most kids with either be a) at a lose to explain it, which is good; or b) will come out with further racist or homophobic shite, which is very very bad.
The first one can be dealt with pretty easily, because if they are just parroting something they heard in school (the worst breeding ground for stuff like that, save the home of course) then its fairly easy to point out why its mean to a child - they have a blissfully simple way of looking at the world. They aren't bad kids, they just live in a bad environment.
If its the second, then it generally means someone (in the home more than likely, or a friend at their school whose been told by their parent) is actively trying to make them into a racist. And because such views have come from (probably) a parent, the child naturally associates that as "right" and anything contradictory as wrong. Like I said, simple viewpoint. Its much harder to break this association, and would probably be easier to do when the child is older and capable of rational thought. Then agian, by that time the thoughts are probably so ingrained it'll be hard to break them out of it. No-win there then
Communists are better lovers - RSK
Education, education, education. Then revolution.
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'"Are you a theologian, sir?" asked the priest.
"I'm... in a similar profession," said the conman.'
If voting changed anything, they'd make it illegal. - Emma Goldman