Language A lone or group of mutually intelligible dialects. Note: Some official languages of the world do not fit this definition of language. Extreme examples include Norwegian and Swedish, which are both divergent dialects of a mutual scandinavian language, and at the other end 'Arabic', in which multiple mutually unintelligible Semitic languages are all grouped under the name of Arabic and are classified as dialects rather than separate languages (The actual arabic language itself ceased to be spoken as a second language over a thousand years ago, and still survives in written form as Fus'ha - a standardised register of the language). These classifications are often not grounded in linguistic analysis, and instead originate from political motives and agendas. Agglutinative Language A language that extensively agglutinates*. *That is, a language that forms words through 'gluing' morphemes together. E.g. Sentences in Swahili, a member of the Bantu languages and an agglutinative language. Mtoto alifika m-toto a-li-fika `The child arrived.' Mtoto atafika m-toto a-ta-fika `The child will arrive.' Watoto walifika wa-toto wa-li-fika `The children arrived.' Watoto watafika wa-toto wa-ta-fika `The children will arrive.' Examples of agglutinative languages: Turkish, Mongolian, Finnish, Hungarian, Cherokee, Korean, Japanese, Indonesian, Tagalog, Chechen, Swahili,Tamil, Farsi, All Eskimo-Aleut languages, Basque. Analytical Language An analytic language is a language that conveys grammatical relationships without using inflectional morphemes - that is, it conveys concepts without 'gluing' multiple morphemes together to develop words. A grammatical construction can similarly be called analytic if it uses unbound morphemes, which are separate words, and/or word order. E.g. Sentence in Mandarin Chinese: 我 给 你 一本 书 。 wǒ gěi nǐ yìběn shū. I give you a (one) book. Examples of analytical languages: Mandarin Chinese, Bulgarian? Will update list when I'm back on.
