The Doctor and the Janitor

[MamboTango]

I am not a communist, nor am I a capitalist or any kind of 'ist'. I'm just looking for answers and I'm all for hearing other people's opinions. Communism, in my opinion, is the atheist's solution for a just world. It is my belief that if one believes in a higher power and is conscious that he will one day pay for his bad actions, he will try to be a good person and share his wealth with the less fortunate. If a society, as a whole, is sincerely conscious of God, it is my belief that everyone will have something to eat and a house to call their own at the end of the day. In my religion (Islam), God frowns upon the one who goes to bed with a full stomach while any of his neighbours go hungry....Imagine if everyone on earth thought this way, then no one would go hungry! But since humanity, in general, seems to have forgotten or doesn't care about God, then I think communism is probably the only way we could have a just society where everyone is well looked after as communism imposes equality on the pop. I don't believe this world will be perfect or totally rid of oppression one day. Humans will be humans and there will always be an oppressor and there will always be an oppressed. But I admire communism in the sense that it tries to build a better world where everyone is equal and no one goes hungry. :thumbup:
However, there is ONE major thing that bugs me about communism and that is the fact that someone who worked their butt off in university gets paid the same amount for their sweat as someone who barely contributes to society. :(

Can someone please explain to me the logic or the fairness behind this?

[Decolonize The Left]

Thanks for posting - there are many points to address with your post.


It is my belief that if one believes in a higher power and is conscious that he will one day pay for his bad actions, he will try to be a good person and share his wealth with the less fortunate. If a society, as a whole, is sincerely conscious of God, it is my belief that everyone will have something to eat and a house to call their own at the end of the day. In my religion (Islam), God frowns upon the one who goes to bed with a full stomach while any of his neighbours go hungry....Imagine if everyone on earth thought this way, then no one would go hungry!

I am pleased that you take such a favorable look upon your religion. Unfortunately for you, history does not cast a very favorable light upon religion (recording the numerous horrible religious atrocities, genocides, etc...), and this leads me to believe that you hold a highly idealized view of religion in general.

Your entire point rests on your opinion of what is "sincerity" and "consciousness." This, taken to its logical conclusion, will involve you proselytizing to others demanding that they become the type of religious individual you imagine to be the 'best.'


But since humanity, in general, seems to have forgotten or doesn't care about God, then I think communism is probably the only way we could have a just society where everyone is well looked after as communism imposes equality on the pop.

Communism is not some abstract thing which imposes anything upon anyone. It is an economic system organized and controlled by the working class (recall that the working class is the vast majority).


I don't believe this world will be perfect or totally rid of oppression one day. Humans will be humans and there will always be an oppressor and there will always be an oppressed. But I admire communism in the sense that it tries to build a better world where everyone is equal and no one goes hungry. :thumbup:

It is rather pointless to speculate about perfection or human nature. But yes, communism is something to admire - but even more so, it is something to work towards!


However, there is ONE major thing that bugs me about communism and that is the fact that someone who worked their butt off in university gets paid the same amount for their sweat as someone who barely contributes to society. :(

Can someone please explain to me the logic or the fairness behind this?

I will gladly explain, though some general clarification is needed.

In the first place, communism does not necessitate money. In fact, communism as a conclusion will not involve money at all. On the other hand, many individuals believe that in the transition process from capitalism to communism, socialism will involve the use of money as a medium of exchange.

Within this stage of socialism, yes, a doctor and a janitor will theoretically be paid the same amount. The problem with your analysis is that you fail to realize that the janitor contributes the same 'amount' to society as the doctor. How so?

How could the doctor perform operations without a clean workplace? Without sanitary conditions? Without working toilets, sinks, etc..? It is impossible. The doctor depends on the janitor for everyday function just as the janitor depends on the doctor for medical emergencies.

I hope that makes sense. Please keep posting and welcome to the board.

- August

[MamboTango]

I like the philosophy behind the fact that in a communist society, every job or every position is considered important. Whether you are a doctor or a janitor, you will always be appreciated. However, I am very loyal to my religion and Islam states that everyone is allowed to have their own business and proffesions, BUT they must always fend for the poor. With wealth comes responsibility. Also, the Prophet Muhammad lead by example and he was a very poor man who always thought about other people first. Muslims are discouraged from being very rich because they should always give their wealth to the less fortunate. But this law does not just apply to Muslims! Every human being should care for his comrade. However, this is something the capitalist fat cats do NOT understand. Some people just don't give a damn for the rest of humanity...and I'll never be able to understand how they sleep at night!
So again, I'm not totally convinced by communism but obviously capitalism isn't working very well at all! I don't consider myself communist, capitalist, socialist or anything like that...I just consider myself Muslim :lol:
But I admire communists because they are people who fight for justice and equality, and in that we deffinitely have something in common.


PS. Are ALL communists atheist and does a communist country prohibit the building of churches, mosques cinagogs etc?

[Decolonize The Left]

So again, I'm not totally convinced by communism but obviously capitalism isn't working very well at all! I don't consider myself communist, capitalist, socialist or anything like that...I just consider myself Muslim :lol:

Communists, capitalists, and socialists refer to communism, capitalism, and socialism which are economic theories. Islam is a religion. One can be a Muslim capitalist, Christian socialist, etc....


PS. Are ALL communists atheist and does a communist country prohibit the building of churches, mosques cinagogs etc?

No. As I mention above, leftists can hold any variety of religions and many are religious in one sense or another.

It is often debated whether or not religion would be allowed under communism, but such debates are pointless as it is rather futile to speculate about rules which would exist in a society which has yet to be achieved.

- August

[MamboTango]

The difference between Islam and many other religions is that Islam is also a way of life and a political system. Islam has it's very own political system (please don't refer to current 'Islamic' countries because the REAL Islamic political system is not being practiced anywhere right now due to American imperialism)
I wish I could say more but I unfortunately don't know enough to keep talking on this subject. I hardly know anything about communism and I don't know enough about the Islamic political system. But thanks for answering my questions!

[Decolonize The Left]

The difference between Islam and many other religions is that Islam is also a way of life and a political system. Islam has it's very own political system (please don't refer to current 'Islamic' countries because the REAL Islamic political system is not being practiced anywhere right now due to American imperialism)
I wish I could say more but I unfortunately don't know enough to keep talking on this subject. I hardly know anything about communism and I don't know enough about the Islamic political system. But thanks for answering my questions!

We can hash out whatever difficulties may exist - this forum is in place to discuss and learn.

Islam, Christianity, Judaism: all religions. Not political systems.

A political system is a structural formation of a government of some sort or another.

- August

[Black Sheep]

That may sound selfish, but i expect an individual who has taken the leap forward in his consciousness, crushing the bourgeoisie ideological barriers and influence and has become a communist, to be an atheist.

Why? because i expect the logic and reasoning he/she applied to the 'realm' of politics+society to be applied ALSO in the realm of religion and theism.It may be easier or harder,because on the one hand it makes no fucking sense but it has spiritual, moral and post-mortem branches which may be more difficult to shake off.

So do not make excuses and try to 'get away with it', attempting to combine your religion with communism.One the one hand it doesnt matter that much, but if you want to be honest and just with yourself, then apply the same logic and reasoning to your beliefs.

I am not saying that you have to be an atheist in order to be a communist, i am just giving you some advice towards what i think will better your overall ideological integrity.

and welcome to the board :)

[apathy maybe]

I'm really not interested in the whole religion bit, but I disagree with your analysis, and am anti-theist. (Very briefly, it would be wonderful if everyone thought that letting their neighbours go to bed hungry is a bad thing. Except that very rich countries, such as Saudi Arabia, don't seem to care. I guess religion doesn't work to make the world a better place.)

I'm more interested in the misconception that a doctor is "worth more" than a janitor.


How could the doctor perform operations without a clean workplace? Without sanitary conditions? Without working toilets, sinks, etc..? It is impossible. The doctor depends on the janitor for everyday function just as the janitor depends on the doctor for medical emergencies.
What I quoted above is very good. But it isn't all.

Shouldn't jobs that are more unpleasant pay more? Shouldn't it be the case that people who have to clean things up, which very few people like doing, be appreciated as much as people who fixes things up?

Would you really like to live in a city where no one collected the garbage?

Capitalism treats these "lowly" jobs with contempt, no one wants to do the jobs that aren't nice, and yet they are paid very little. Yet without them, society couldn't function. (So much for the free market, if few people want to do a job, it should pay more right? And if more people want to do a job, then the pay should go down because there is more supply. Except it doesn't work that way... I guess Capitalism and the free market doesn't always work.)

Why should the doctor who got to bum around at uni, slacking off half the time, and scrapping through with a pass, be paid the same as a janitor? Why shouldn't the janitor get paid more?

[ZeroNowhere]

Capitalism treats these "lowly" jobs with contempt, no one wants to do the jobs that aren't nice, and yet they are paid very little. Yet without them, society couldn't function. (So much for the free market, if few people want to do a job, it should pay more right? And if more people want to do a job, then the pay should go down because there is more supply. Except it doesn't work that way... I guess Capitalism and the free market doesn't always work.)

Ah, but that is only because of government intervention.
:D

[davidasearles]

My two cents, education ought to be freely or almost freely provided. This would include a great expansion of the available slots at medical and nursing schools

In addition to free or almost free education students ought to be credited with a determined amount of labor shares or currency upon sucessful completion of a course.

Pretty much if a person wanted to become a doctor and they wanted to put in the the amount of study required they could be a doctor and practice medicine or not as they chose.

If a person would choose not to become a doctor and practice medicne becuase the person who takes out the garbage might be as able to access the creature comforts to the same extent that he or she would, that probably would be a good thing.

[Pogue]

August and apathy have basically made it clear. Unfortunately some people just simply cannot deal with this idea.

I think the main problem is that people don't udnerstand that communism is post-scarcity - there is no need to be paid more or less because everyone gets what they need.

[Bilan]

I'm really not interested in the whole religion bit, but I disagree with your analysis, and am anti-theist. (Very briefly, it would be wonderful if everyone thought that letting their neighbours go to bed hungry is a bad thing. Except that very rich countries, such as Saudi Arabia, don't seem to care. I guess religion doesn't work to make the world a better place.)

I'm more interested in the misconception that a doctor is "worth more" than a janitor.


What I quoted above is very good. But it isn't all.

Shouldn't jobs that are more unpleasant pay more? Shouldn't it be the case that people who have to clean things up, which very few people like doing, be appreciated as much as people who fixes things up?

Would you really like to live in a city where no one collected the garbage?

Capitalism treats these "lowly" jobs with contempt, no one wants to do the jobs that aren't nice, and yet they are paid very little. Yet without them, society couldn't function. (So much for the free market, if few people want to do a job, it should pay more right? And if more people want to do a job, then the pay should go down because there is more supply. Except it doesn't work that way... I guess Capitalism and the free market doesn't always work.)

Why should the doctor who got to bum around at uni, slacking off half the time, and scrapping through with a pass, be paid the same as a janitor? Why shouldn't the janitor get paid more?

AFAIK Rubbish collectors are quite well paid.
As for the rest, spot on, tiger.

[benhur]

In a socialist society, people get what they need according to the labor they provide. Labor will be the sole measure of a man. Therefore, a doctor will be paid more than a janitor.

[davidasearles]

"In a socialist society, people get what they need according to the labor they provide. Labor will be the sole measure of a man. Therefore, a doctor will be paid more than a janitor."

" I think the main problem is that people don't udnerstand that communism is post-scarcity - there is no need to be paid more or less because everyone gets what they need. "

I just love these mechanistic pronouncements.

Did you ever hear of one member of a domestic couple say to the other: If you love me you would ....!

To me the above quotations are much like that:

If we were in a communistic/socialistic relationship ....!

[MamboTango]

First of all, I am sick and tired of people insinuating that religious individuals are diluted or stupid because they believe in something that they can't see. Where you can't see proof of the existence of God, millions of other people do.

Secondly, like I said before, I am not a scholar of the Islamic text nor am I a great thinker of the communist system and therefore I do not feel comfortable trying to explain anything. I am just a teen curious as communism while remaining faithful to my faith. Like I said, do NOT refer to Saudi Arabia as an example of the Islamic political system. There is no country that I know of that applies it properly today. But it is my belief that if every aspect of Islam is applied in a country, it would be the perfect balance of capitalism and communism. If you want to know more about it, I suggest that you visit your local mosque or Islamic center and ask questions, people would be more than happy to answer. I'm not trying to convince anyone to convert here, I'm simply suggesting that if one wants to learn about Islam, they should do it on their own as the media is biased and totally un-realiable. Just like Communists have endured capitalist propaganda, Muslims are presently suffering the propaganda of 'war on terror' etc etc. Yes, there are some Muslim extremists and terrorists but there are bad people in every race, religion or creed.

[Pogue]

First of all, I am sick and tired of people insinuating that religious individuals are diluted or stupid because they believe in something that they can't see. Where you can't see proof of the existence of God, millions of other people do.

Secondly, like I said before, I am not a scholar of the Islamic text nor am I a great thinker of the communist system and therefore I do not feel comfortable trying to explain anything. I am just a teen curious as communism while remaining faithful to my faith. Like I said, do NOT refer to Saudi Arabia as an example of the Islamic political system. There is no country that I know of that applies it properly today. But it is my belief that if every aspect of Islam is applied in a country, it would be the perfect balance of capitalism and communism. If you want to know more about it, I suggest that you visit your local mosque or Islamic center and ask questions, people would be more than happy to answer. I'm not trying to convince anyone to convert here, I'm simply suggesting that if one wants to learn about Islam, they should do it on their own as the media is biased and totally un-realiable. Just like Communists have endured capitalist propaganda, Muslims are presently suffering the propaganda of 'war on terror' etc etc. Yes, there are some Muslim extremists and terrorists but there are bad people in every race, religion or creed.

We're not racist or anything, we just think its pointless and irrational to live your life by the principles created by a supreme being disproved by a) logic and b) scientific evidence, becuase in reality religious texts were written by humans are all encourage being passive and blindly doing as your told for fear of hell. It makes absolutely no sense to live life by these principles just because they're very old and you have a feeling you like to call faith which compels you to carry out ancient and useless rituals to a made up figure. All theists cannot hold themselves up in proper argument because they hold baseless, out-dated and hypocritical beliefs. And we have a right to mock these beliefs as much as we want. But if we start stereotyping or being racist, which no one here will ever do, then we'd be arseholes.

[Spasiba]

It's not that I disagree with what's been said, but I think it could be stated better. You're saying that a janitor should be paid the same if not more because it seems right, but I think some real proofs, using materialist reasoning, rather than just saying something should be would be better, as well as you've made it seem doctors just bum around while janitors were the hard working kids, which is just a strawman argument, you would of course find many stories, with these circumstances often reversed, in the real world. Not saying janitors are lazy either, just that there are lazy janitors as well. That said I do have questions regarding this: How would laziness be addressed? Doctors do very important work, which requires a lot more training and studying than a janitor does. Assuming education is free, the doctors work still requires making sure you're up-to-date with methods and still have the ability to preform complex operations in a possibly stressful and time-limited environment, so why wouldn't they still be paid more? And assuming there is abundance, and people get what they NEED how do we go about distributing what is WANTED? Things like TVs? If you want a huge screen or just a regular size? Limited resources in the world are also a concern, but that's the same for the capitalist system as well.

[Psy]

First we seem to be ignoring automation, we already have the technology to have robots automatically sweep, wash and wax floors even while people are around them as they have sensors to notice obstacles (like people) in their path.

Next Spasiba question on distributing products of society, well there is communal uses of those products for example movie theaters instead of big screen TVs.

[Invincible Summer]

It's not that I disagree with what's been said, but I think it could be stated better. You're saying that a janitor should be paid the same if not more because it seems right, but I think some real proofs, using materialist reasoning, rather than just saying something should be would be better, as well as you've made it seem doctors just bum around while janitors were the hard working kids, which is just a strawman argument, you would of course find many stories, with these circumstances often reversed, in the real world. Not saying janitors are lazy either, just that there are lazy janitors as well.

No offense, but this is very hard to read. Please try ot break your posts up into sections, please.


That said I do have questions regarding this: How would laziness be addressed? Doctors do very important work, which requires a lot more training and studying than a janitor does. Assuming education is free, the doctors work still requires making sure you're up-to-date with methods and still have the ability to preform complex operations in a possibly stressful and time-limited environment, so why wouldn't they still be paid more? And assuming there is abundance, and people get what they NEED how do we go about distributing what is WANTED? Things like TVs? If you want a huge screen or just a regular size? Limited resources in the world are also a concern, but that's the same for the capitalist system as well.

AFAIK, laziness is addressed in this way: people have to work to get their share of society's gains. Since there is no government/state to provide "hand outs," people can't just sit around and do nothing and still survive (unless of course, you're disabled mentally/physically, then society would most likely find a way to accommodate for that).

In terms of post-scarcity and distribution of what is wanted, I think we should worry about that when it happens.

[Post-Something]

First of all, I am sick and tired of people insinuating that religious individuals are diluted or stupid because they believe in something that they can't see. Where you can't see proof of the existence of God, millions of other people do.

Secondly, like I said before, I am not a scholar of the Islamic text nor am I a great thinker of the communist system and therefore I do not feel comfortable trying to explain anything. I am just a teen curious as communism while remaining faithful to my faith. Like I said, do NOT refer to Saudi Arabia as an example of the Islamic political system. There is no country that I know of that applies it properly today. But it is my belief that if every aspect of Islam is applied in a country, it would be the perfect balance of capitalism and communism. If you want to know more about it, I suggest that you visit your local mosque or Islamic center and ask questions, people would be more than happy to answer. I'm not trying to convince anyone to convert here, I'm simply suggesting that if one wants to learn about Islam, they should do it on their own as the media is biased and totally un-realiable. Just like Communists have endured capitalist propaganda, Muslims are presently suffering the propaganda of 'war on terror' etc etc. Yes, there are some Muslim extremists and terrorists but there are bad people in every race, religion or creed.

Actually, MamboTango, I was in the exact same position as you. I was raised in a muslim background, prayed five times a day and fasted during Ramadan. As such, I can understand your position.

I don't think anybody will challenge your religion on here, as long as you don't go putting it in every post. The fact of the matter regarding political Islam though, is that it's a joke. I tried to defend it for a while, but it really has no ground. It's an outdated model of governance, and an idealistic response to Imperialism. It's only real appeal is that it attempts to cater for both the working class and the capitalists via things like Zakat and the Bayt al Maal. However, the problem with this is that these institutions are too unstable, and eventually the capitalist class will take over. The only way out for Political Islam is to force religion onto it's people, and the brutal truth is that you just can't do that.

I really hope that you decide to stay on the board and read a couple of articles though. You sound like a really decent person.

[Decolonize The Left]

First of all, I am sick and tired of people insinuating that religious individuals are diluted or stupid because they believe in something that they can't see. Where you can't see proof of the existence of God, millions of other people do.

I understand what you are saying, but you need to be clear on your terms. There is no such thing as "proof of the existence of God." What you, and millions of other people have is called faith. Faith, by definition, is belief without evidence and/or proof.


Secondly, like I said before, I am not a scholar of the Islamic text nor am I a great thinker of the communist system and therefore I do not feel comfortable trying to explain anything. I am just a teen curious as communism while remaining faithful to my faith.

This is fine - what I meant by my questions was not to demand that you explain anything, rather to have a dialogue or discussion whereby we could mutually come to conclusions.


Like I said, do NOT refer to Saudi Arabia as an example of the Islamic political system. There is no country that I know of that applies it properly today. But it is my belief that if every aspect of Islam is applied in a country, it would be the perfect balance of capitalism and communism.

A couple things:
1) There can be no "perfect balance" of capitalism and communism. These are two completely different economic theories can cannot be "balanced" in any fashion.
2) As I mentioned earlier, the fact that you believe Islam can lead to a perfect society, but has not ever been implemented as such, leads me to believe that you have a highly idealized view of your religion.
Please remember that religion is a simple form of meaning creation, it exists to provide individual human beings with a framework through which to view their existence as meaningful and worthy. It is not a political system, nor an economic system.


If you want to know more about it, I suggest that you visit your local mosque or Islamic center and ask questions, people would be more than happy to answer. I'm not trying to convince anyone to convert here, I'm simply suggesting that if one wants to learn about Islam, they should do it on their own as the media is biased and totally un-realiable. Just like Communists have endured capitalist propaganda, Muslims are presently suffering the propaganda of 'war on terror' etc etc. Yes, there are some Muslim extremists and terrorists but there are bad people in every race, religion or creed.

You are entirely correct that Muslims have been demonized in recent years and that the media is unreliable for any sort of information regarding the religion itself. Rather than go to a Mosque/Islamic center, I would encourage individuals to simply read the texts themselves. For, as you certainly know, different Mosques/centers have different interpretations, and not all Muslims agree on every aspect of the religious doctrine.

- August

[MamboTango]

Like I said twice before, unlike all other religions, Islam is not only a belief system but a complete way of life aswell as a political and economic ideology on its own. Since I am faithful to my religion, I am also confident that this ideology could work very well if it is applied properly. It was applied in the past and succeeded for several hundred years in Arabia, ancient Muslim Spain and other Muslim countries/empires until man started corrupting it, which is inevitable as power corrupts and man will be man, no matter what religion or group he belongs to. According to my religious and spiritual beliefs, I don't think this world is meant to be perfect...ever. But I solidly and sincerily understand that people who do not believe in the afterlife/hereafter will do anything to make this world work in perfect, equal and just order since they believe this is the only life they will ever have.
What I meant by the perfect balance between capitalism and communism is that the Islamic political system is super socialist and humanitarian while still allowing people to maintain their own businesses and make profit so long as they give monthly charity (which is mandatory) There will always be poorer people but the Islamic system would provide for them and everyone would have a roof and food to eat. I'm not trying to convince you here because I respect your communist views. I'm just trying to give you a little insight on how it works. But then again, I don't know enough about it!!!! I'm affraid to misinform somebody, so please just lock yourself up in a library and learn about it on your own time :p I'll be doing the same!

Peace out

[Post-Something]

Like I said twice before, unlike all other religions, Islam is not only a belief system but a complete way of life aswell as a political and economic ideology on its own.

That's what they tell you, but it's really not. I encourage you to look for yourself. If you can provide the corresponding texts from the Qur'an that state that it has to be implemented at that level, I'd like to see them. Islam is a belief system, not a political one. I'm telling you right now, it is a failed political system, and economically one of the most simplistic and reductionist there is. The religion was used and manipulated, and I'm saying this as a person born into a muslim background.


Since I am faithful to my religion, I am also confident that this ideology could work very well if it is applied properly.Well, this is the thing. There are very few people who actually know what this ideology is. You're always taught, alongside the legitimate causes, that the only way out is the Islamic system. This is propaganda. For example, the Palestine-Israel conflict. I'm sure you know much about it, and I'm sure you have been told that the solution is the Islamic system. Well, it's true that the situation is disgusting, any leftist will agree, but the solution is definitely not political Islam.


It was applied in the past and succeeded for several hundred years in Arabia, ancient Muslim Spain and other Muslim countries/empires until man started corrupting it, which is inevitable as power corrupts and man will be man, no matter what religion or group he belongs to.Indeed, I agree with you that there were a lot of very respectable advances made during the era. I also agree with you that power corrupts, that's why we're all communists and Anarchists! we want everyone to have the same level of authority and power in society, so that we can be equal, and free from exploitation. Interestingly enough, Islam was one of the first to strive forsocial justice in any real sense though, but what it lacked was finding the root of the imbalance; and that's class.


According to my religious and spiritual beliefs, I don't think this world is meant to be perfect...ever.But why not strive for that?

Look up the word "egalitarianism".


But I solidly and sincerily understand that people who do not believe in the afterlife/hereafter will do anything to make this world work in perfect, equal and just order since they believe this is the only life they will ever have.No, this is a very incorrect belief. It's based on the idea that you cannot have morality without religion, but you can. Tell me, why would an Athiest save your life if it wasn't in his direct benefit? Why would an Athiest decide not to steal, when he easily could?


What I meant by the perfect balance between capitalism and communism is that the Islamic political system is super socialist and humanitarian while still allowing people to maintain their own businesses and make profit so long as they give monthly charity (which is mandatory) There will always be poorer people but the Islamic system would provide for them and everyone would have a roof and food to eat. I'm not trying to convince you here because I respect your communist views. I'm just trying to give you a little insight on how it works. But then again, I don't know enough about it!!!! I'm affraid to misinform somebody, so please just lock yourself up in a library and learn about it on your own time :p I'll be doing the same!Ok, this analysis is fundamentally idealistic. If we introduce a class analysis, there is no way that this system could possibly work for any sustained period of time.

Again, you seem like a smart person. If you're interested in learning about a real alternative to the society you live in, an end to imperialism, war and poverty, I recommend that you read some of this. The first few chapters will give you a rough idea of why we opposed a capitalist society:

http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/berkman/comanarchism/whatis_toc.html