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9th March 2007, 18:48
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Mustafa Suphi
1883 -28/29 January 1921
Mustafa Suphi was born in 1883 in Giresun. After finishing his primary and secondary school in Jerusalem and Damascus, he continued the high school in Erzurum. After graduating from Istanbul Law School in 1905, he continued with his education in School of Political Science in Paris.
Mustafa Suphi, who stood close to the Ittihat and Terakki Fikrasi (-Article for Union and Progress), was also a correspondent of the Tanin newspaper. He returned to Istanbul in 1908, when the Second Constitutional Monarchy was declared. He broke his ties with the Ittihat and Terakki Fikrasi following the organisation's general congress in 1911 and offered opposition to it. Then in 1912, he fully split from it. In 1913, he was sent to exile in Sinop Prison as result of the flood of detention that was started against the opponents following the death of Mahmut Sevket Pasha.
Later he became a prisoner of war in Russia after his escape from prison. He met with Bolsheviks during the 1st Imperialist Re-division War and gained his communist identity. He conducted communist propaganda and organising activities among the Turkish prisoners of war. He undertook the task of being secretary of Mir Seyit Sultan Galiyev, one of the deputies of Stalin. At the time of civil war, he fought in the ranks of the Red Army through a team organised among the Turkish prisoners of war. He worked for the gathering of the 1st Congress of Turkish Left Socialist (25 July 1918) and the 1st Congress of Muslim Communists (November 1918) in Moscow.
Mustafa Suphi, who participated in the 1st Congress of 3rd International as Turkey delegate, came to Baku in May 1920 and joined in the organising works towards the coasts of the Black Sea. He regularly sent various newspapers, magazines and books to the Anatolia.
On 10 September 1920, there was convened the First General Congress of Turkish Communists in Baku, participated by 75 delegates coming from Turkey. In the Congress the communist groups united and founded the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP). While Mustafa Suphi was elected as the Chairperson of TKP, Ethem Nejat became the General Secretary. After the Congress, Mustafa Suphi and his comrades setoff to conduct struggle in Anatolia because of the Congress's decision: "To assist the deepening of national liberation movement against imperialism and to prepare the necessary grounds and conditions to establish labourers' sovereignty which is the real and final goal of the working class".
They suffered from lynching attacks organised by the supporters of Mustafa Kemal in Kars and Erzurum and were forced to return Trabzon to be sent back to Baku. On the night of 28 January 1921, they setoff for Baku by a boat, their arms were taking from them. Then they were killed by the supporters of Mustafa Kemal who were coming after them. On that night, Black Sea was wounded for 15 times on the chest.
Suphi and his 14 comrades gave their lives for revolution and socialism in Anatolia where they came to put in practice the dictatorship of proletariat in our geography.
Mustafa Suphi
1883 -28/29 January 1921
Mustafa Suphi was born in 1883 in Giresun. After finishing his primary and secondary school in Jerusalem and Damascus, he continued the high school in Erzurum. After graduating from Istanbul Law School in 1905, he continued with his education in School of Political Science in Paris.
Mustafa Suphi, who stood close to the Ittihat and Terakki Fikrasi (-Article for Union and Progress), was also a correspondent of the Tanin newspaper. He returned to Istanbul in 1908, when the Second Constitutional Monarchy was declared. He broke his ties with the Ittihat and Terakki Fikrasi following the organisation's general congress in 1911 and offered opposition to it. Then in 1912, he fully split from it. In 1913, he was sent to exile in Sinop Prison as result of the flood of detention that was started against the opponents following the death of Mahmut Sevket Pasha.
Later he became a prisoner of war in Russia after his escape from prison. He met with Bolsheviks during the 1st Imperialist Re-division War and gained his communist identity. He conducted communist propaganda and organising activities among the Turkish prisoners of war. He undertook the task of being secretary of Mir Seyit Sultan Galiyev, one of the deputies of Stalin. At the time of civil war, he fought in the ranks of the Red Army through a team organised among the Turkish prisoners of war. He worked for the gathering of the 1st Congress of Turkish Left Socialist (25 July 1918) and the 1st Congress of Muslim Communists (November 1918) in Moscow.
Mustafa Suphi, who participated in the 1st Congress of 3rd International as Turkey delegate, came to Baku in May 1920 and joined in the organising works towards the coasts of the Black Sea. He regularly sent various newspapers, magazines and books to the Anatolia.
On 10 September 1920, there was convened the First General Congress of Turkish Communists in Baku, participated by 75 delegates coming from Turkey. In the Congress the communist groups united and founded the Communist Party of Turkey (TKP). While Mustafa Suphi was elected as the Chairperson of TKP, Ethem Nejat became the General Secretary. After the Congress, Mustafa Suphi and his comrades setoff to conduct struggle in Anatolia because of the Congress's decision: "To assist the deepening of national liberation movement against imperialism and to prepare the necessary grounds and conditions to establish labourers' sovereignty which is the real and final goal of the working class".
They suffered from lynching attacks organised by the supporters of Mustafa Kemal in Kars and Erzurum and were forced to return Trabzon to be sent back to Baku. On the night of 28 January 1921, they setoff for Baku by a boat, their arms were taking from them. Then they were killed by the supporters of Mustafa Kemal who were coming after them. On that night, Black Sea was wounded for 15 times on the chest.
Suphi and his 14 comrades gave their lives for revolution and socialism in Anatolia where they came to put in practice the dictatorship of proletariat in our geography.