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RedAnarchist
26th January 2004, 11:55
'A horde of ragged women and children swarm about here as filthy as the swine that thrive upon the garbage heaps and in the puddles. The race that lives in those ruinist cottages or in dark wet cellars in measureless filth and stench, must really have reached the lowest stage of humanity'.

The lowest stage of humanity - the words of Fredrich Engels (1820-1895) from his classic 'The Conditions of the Working Class in England' written in 1844, and that particular piece describes the worst part of the new industrial Manchester – an area called ‘Little Ireland’ where now stands Oxford Road Railway Station. Engels was a German émigré living in Manchester to manage the family’s textile mill in Weest, Salford. It was in Manchester that Fredrich met another German émigré - Karl Marx (1818-1883). It may well have been the appalling conditions of the new working class that could have been the spark for these two men to create Marxism and subsequently communist revolution. Legend has it that it was in Chethams Library that the ideas of revolution crystalised in their minds. Engels and Marx worked together on the communist manifesto of 1848 at the library and it is thought that Engels’ direct personal experience of conditions in Manchester fed into his political thinking and by that route into Marx’s as well. He was responding in a very human way to the misery and squalor that was all around in a city that was changing by the day where family groups huddled together under the same roof, in damp, insanitary conditions.

Thanks to Engels and others who wrote down what they saw, we can begin to understand just what was happening in Manchester and the rest of the Lancashire mill towns in the 19th century.

RedAnarchist
26th January 2004, 11:58
Lancashire became the wealthiest county in England during the Victorian era (1837-1901). The Industrial Revolution brought fame and fortune to a few, but misery for the masses. Mill and factory owners and merchants grew rich and powerful, as Lancashire became a huge industrial powerhouse. At the peak, Lancashire was producing 82 per cent of the world's cotton cloth. Some 330,000 people were employed in cotton production, of which just over half were women and teenage girls and about 10 per cent children. Social reformer Joseph Livesey claimed that the conditions of the poor orphans working at Penwortham Mill, Preston, were worse than for American slaves. A judge in Preston, in 1846, sentenced an eight-year old boy to seven years deportation for allegedly stealing nine pence worth of copper.

The rapid progress was not without setbacks, slumps and strikes. The ruling class dealt ruthlessly with any worker who questioned the system.

On Saturday 13th August 1842, in Lune Street, Preston, a detachment of the 72nd Highlanders killed five cotton workers and wounded several more. The cotton workers were demanding the reinstatement of a 10 percent wage cut. The ages of the dead ranged from 17 to 24 years. The youngest one had only climbed a lamppost, to get a better view! There is now a sculpture on the site that commemorates the tragedy.

During the 1853-4 'Great Lockout', when the owners closed the mills, Charles Dickens stayed at the Bull and Royal Hotel in Preston and loosely based his account of Coketown in the novel 'Hard Times' on the town. The dispute became internationally famed – Karl Marx thought that revolution might begin here and said “our St Petersburg is at Preston’.

toastedmonkey
26th January 2004, 19:30
Can anyone confirm where the Communist Manifesto was written?

I have heard conflicting stories of London or Mancheter.

Manchester makes the most sense to me, but im unsure. Can any confirm either way?

The Feral Underclass
26th January 2004, 20:25
London.

toastedmonkey
26th January 2004, 20:28
Thank you.

How do you know this?

The Feral Underclass
26th January 2004, 20:31
i know everythin

toastedmonkey
26th January 2004, 20:59
:lol:

i meant how did you come across this piece of knowledge?