el_chavista
1st June 2013, 22:21
This is a very interesting post from the fascist forum ironmarch (http://ironmarch.org/index.php?/topic/19-national-makeup-of-the-soviet-regime/) in which the Russian names are in the Cyrillic alphabet and I transliterated them with the help of wReplace 1.2 free, that's my "contribution" :blushing:
Note: dates in DD-MM-YY format.
LIST I.
A) Central Committee, elected by the VI-th assembly of the RSDLP(B) (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party of Bolsheviks) on the 3.8.1917, members:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Berzin Yan Antonovich - Latvian
3. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
4. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
5. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
6. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Kollontai ( Domontovich ) Aleksandra Mikhailovna - Ukrainian
9. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
10. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
11. Milyutin Vladimir Pavlovich - Russian
12. Muranov Matvei Konstantinovich - Ukrainian
13. Nogin Viktor Pavlovich - Russian
14. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
15. Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich - Jew
16. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
17. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
18. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
19. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
20. Уritskii ( Boretskii ) Moisei Solomonovich - Jew
21. Shaumyan Stepan Georgievich - Armenian
B) Central Committee, elected by the VI-th assembly of the RSDLP(B) (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party of Bolsheviks) on the 3(16).8.1917, candidates into membership:
1. Dzhaparidze Prokopii Aprasionovich - Georgian
2. Ioffe Adolʹf Abramovich - Jew
3. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
4. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
5. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Russian
6. Preobrazhenskii Evgenii Alekseevich - Russian
7. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
8. Stasova Elena Dmitrievna - Russian
9. Teodorovich Ivan Adolʹfovich - Polish
10. Yakovleva Varvara Nikolaevna - Russian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 17 (55%), Jews - 6 (19%)
LIST II.
A) Central Committee, elected by the VII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 8.3.1918, members:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Vladimirskii Mikhail Fyodorovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
6. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
7. Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich - Jew
8. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
9. Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich - Jew
10. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
11. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
12. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
13. Stasova Elena Dmitrievna - Russian
14. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
15. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - Russophied German
B) Central Committee, elected by the VII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 8.3.1918, candidates into membership:
1. Berzin Yan Antonovich - Latvian
2. Ioffe Adolʹf Abramovich - Jew
3. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
4. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
5. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Ukrainian
6. Stuchka Pyotr Ivanovich - Russophied Latvian
7. Уritskii ( Boretskii ) Moisei Solomonovich - Jew
8. Shlyapnikov Aleksandr Gavrilovich - Russian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 10 (43%), Jews - 7 (30%)
LIST III.
A) Central Committee, elected by the VIII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 23.3.1919, members:
1. Beloborodov Aleksandr Georgievich - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
4. Evdokimov Grigorii Eremeevich - Russian
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich - Jew
6. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
9. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
10. Muranov Matvei Konstantinovich - Ukrainian
11. Radek ( Sobelʹson ) Karl Berngardovich - Jew
12. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
13. Serebryakov Leonid Petrovich - Russian
14. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
15. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
16. Stasova Elena Dmitrievna - Russian
17. Stuchka Pyotr Ivanovich - Russophied Latvian
18. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
19. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the VIII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 23.3.1919, candidates into membership:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
3. Vladimirskii Mikhail Fyodorovich - Russian
4. Danishevskii Karl-Yulii Khristianovich - Latvian
5. Mitskyavichus-Kapsukas Vintsas Simanovich - Lithuanian
6. Smirnov Ivan Nikitich - Russian
7. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - Russophied German
8. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 14 (52%), Jews - 5 (18%)
LIST IV.
A) Central Committee, elected by the IX-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 5.4.1920, members:
1. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
2. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
3. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
6. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
9. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
10. Preobrazhenskii Evgenii Alekseevich - Russian
11. Radek ( Sobelʹson ) Karl Berngardovich - Jew
12. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
13. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
14. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
15. Serebryakov Leonid Petrovich - Russian
16. Smirnov Ivan Nikitich - Russian
17. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
18. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
19. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the IX-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 5.4.1920, candidates into membership:
1. Beloborodov Aleksandr Georgievich - Russian
2. Gusev Sergei Ivanovich ( Drabkin Yakov Davidovich ) - Jew
3. Zalutskii Pyotr Antonovich - Russian
4. Milyutin Vladimir Pavlovich - Russian
5. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
6. Muranov Matvei Konstantinovich - Ukrainian
7. Nogin Viktor Pavlovich - Russian
8. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
9. Pyatnitskii Iosif Aronovich ( Tarshis Iosif Oriolovich ) - Jew
10. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
11. Stuchka Pyotr Ivanovich - Russophied Latvian
12. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 18, Jews - 7
LIST V.
A) Central Committee, elected by the X-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 16.3.1921, members:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
6. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
9. Kutuzov Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
10. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
11. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
12. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
13. Ordzhonikidze Georgii Konstantinovich - Georgian
14. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
15. Radek (Sobelʹson Karl Berngardovich - Jew
16. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
17. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
18. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
19. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
20. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
21. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
22. Tuntul I. Ya. - Tatar
23. Frunze Mikhail Vasilʹevich - Moldavian (on his fathers side, Russian mother)
24. Shlyapnikov Aleksandr Gavrilovich - Russian
25. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the X-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 16.3.1921, candidates into membership:
1. Gusev Sergei Ivanovich ( Drabkin Yakov Davidovich ) - Jew
2. Zalutskii Pyotr Antonovich - Russian
3. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
4. Kirov (KostrikovPosted Image Sergei Mironovich - Russian
5. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
6. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
7. Milyutin Vladimir Pavlovich - Russian
8. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Russian
9. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
10. Safarov ( Volʹdin ) Georgii Ivanovich - unspecified
11. Smirnov Ivan Nikitich - Russian
12. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
13. Уglanov Nikolai Aleksandrovich - Russian
14. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
15. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - Russophied German
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 24 (60%), Jews - 7 (18%)
LIST VI.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XI-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 2.4.1922, members:
1. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
6. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
7. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
8. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
9. Korotkov Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
10. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
11. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
12. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
13. Ordzhonikidze Georgii Konstantinovich - Georgian
14. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
15. Radek ( Sobelʹson ) Karl Berngardovich - Jew
16. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
17. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
18. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
19. Sapronov Timofei Vladimirovich - Russian
20. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
21. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
22. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
23. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
24. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
25. Frunze Mikhail Vasilʹevich - Moldavian
26. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
27. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the XI-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 2.4.1922, candidates into membership:
1. Badaev Aleksei Egorovich - Russian
2. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
3. Gusev Sergei Ivanovich ( Drabkin Yakov Davidovich ) - Jew
4. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
5. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
6. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
7. Krivov Timofei Stepanovich - Russian
8. Lebedʹ Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
9. Lepse Ivan Ivanovich - Latvian
10. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
11. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
12. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
13. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
14. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
15. Rakhimbaev Abdullo Rakhimbaevich - Uzbek
16. Safarov ( Volʹdin ) Georgii Ivanovich - unspecified
17. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
18. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
19. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - German
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 26 (56%), Jews - 8 (17%)
LIST VII.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XIII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 31.4.1924, members:
1. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
2. Antipov Nikolai Kirillovich - Russian
3. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
4. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
5. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
6. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
7. Dogadov Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
8. Evdokimov Grigorii Eremeevich - Russian
9. Zalutskii Pyotr Antonovich - Russian
10. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
11. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
12. Kaganovich Lazarʹ Moiseevich - Jew
13. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
14. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
15. Kviring Emmanuil Ionovich - German
16. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
17. Kolotilov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
18. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
19. Kosior Stanislav Vikentʹevich - Polish
20. Krasin Leonid Borisovich - Russian
21. Krzhizhanovskii Gleb Maksimilianovich - Russian (father - Russophied Polish, Mother - German)
22. Kubyak Nikolai Afanasʹevich - Russian
23. Kuklin Aleksandr Sergeevich - Russian
24. Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich - Jew
25. Lepse Ivan Ivanovich - Latvian
26. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
27. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
28. Medvedev Aleksei Vasilʹevich - Russian
29. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
30. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
31. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
32. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
33. Ordzhonikidze Georgii Konstantinovich - Georgian
34. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
35. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
36. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
37. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
38. Rumyantsev Ivan Petrovich - Russian
39. Rukhimovich Moisei Lʹvovich - Jew
40. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
41. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
42. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
43. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
44. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
45. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
46. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
47. Уglanov Nikolai Aleksandrovich - Russian
48. Уkhanov Konstantin Vasilʹevich - Russian
49. Frunze Mikhail Vasilʹevich - Moldavian
50. Kharitonov Moisei Markovich - Jew
51. Tsyurupa Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Ukrainian
52. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
53. Shvarts Isaak Izrailevich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the XIV-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 31.12.1925, candidates into membership:
1. Avdeev Ivan Ananʹevich - Russian
2. Vareikis Iosif Mikhailovich - Lithuanian
3. Gamarnik Yan Borisovich - Jew
4. Gei Konstantin Veniaminovich - Russian
5. Goloshchyokin Filipp Isaevich - Jew
6. Zhdanov Andrei Andreevich - Russian
7. Ivanov Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
8. Ikramov Akmalʹ Ikramovich - Uzbek
9. Kaligina Anna Stepanovna - Russian
10. Kaminskii Grigorii Naumovich - Jew
11. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
12. Klimenko Ivan Evdokimovich - Ukrainian
13. Kodatskii Ivan Fyodorovich - Ukrainian (possibly Russian?)
14. Kondratʹev Taras Kondratʹevich - Russian
15. Kosior Iosif Vikentʹevich - Polish
16. Krinitskii Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
17. Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich - Jew
18. Lominadze Vissarion Vissarionovich - Georgian
19. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
20. Lukashin Sergei Lukʹyanovich ( Srapionyan Sarkis ) - Armenian
21. Lyubimov Isidor Evstigneevich - Russian
22. Markov A. T. - Russian
23. Matveev Dmitrii Ignatʹevich - Russian
24. Melʹnichanskii Grigorii Natanovich - Jew
25. Moskvin Ivan Mikhailovich - Russian
26. Musabekov Gazanfar Makhmud ogli - Azerbaijani
27. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
28. Nosov Ivan Petrovich - Russian
29. Orakhelashvili Mamiya ( Ivan ) Dmitrievich - Georgian
30. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Georgian
31. Postishev Pavel Petrovich - Russian
32. Rumyantsev Konstantin Andreevich - Russian
33. Rindin Kuzʹma Vasilʹevich - Russian
34. Semyonov Boris Aleksandrovich - Russian
35. Serebrovskii Aleksandr Pavlovich - Russian
36. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
37. Strievskii Konstantin Konstantinovich - Belorussian
38. Sirtsov Sergei Ivanovich - Russian
39. Уgarov Fyodor Yakovlevich - Russian
40. Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
41. Уrivaev Mikhail Egorovich ( Georgievich ) - Russian
42. Chaplin Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
43. Eikhe Robert Indrikovich - Latvian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 71 (67%), Jews - 13 (12%)
List IX.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XV-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 19.12.1927, members:
1. Akulov Ivan Alekseevich - Russian
2. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
3. Antipov Nikolai Kirillovich - Russian
4. Artyukhina Aleksandra Vasilʹevna - Russian
5. Badaev Aleksei Egorovich - Russian
6. Bauman Karl Yanovich - Latvian
7. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
8. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
9. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
10. Gamarnik Yan Borisovich - Jew
11. Goloshchyokin Filipp Isaevich - Jew
12. Dogadov Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
13. Zhukov Ivan Pavlovich - Russian
14. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
15. Kabakov Ivan Dmitrievich - Russian
16. Kaganovich Lazarʹ Moiseevich - Jew
17. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
18. Kviring Emmanuil Ionovich - German
19. Kirkizh Kupriyan Osipovich - Belorussian
20. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
21. Knorin Vilʹgelʹm Georgievich - Latvian
22. Kolotilov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
23. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
24. Kosior Iosif Vikentʹevich - Polish
25. Kosior Stanislav Vikentʹevich - Polish
26. Kotov Vasilii Afanasʹevich - Russian
27. Krzhizhanovskii Gleb Maksimilianovich - Russian
28. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna - Russian
29. Kubyak Nikolai Afanasʹevich - Russian
30. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
31. Kulikov Egor Fyodorovich - Russian
32. Lepse Ivan Ivanovich - Latvian
33. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
34. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
35. Lyubimov Isidor Evstigneevich - Russian
36. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
37. Medvedev Aleksei Vasilʹevich - Russian
38. Menzhinskii Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich - Polish (on his fathers side, Russian mother)
39. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
40. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
41. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
42. Moskvin Ivan Mikhailovich - Russian
43. Orakhelashvili Mamiya ( Ivan ) Dmitrievich - Georgian
44. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
45. Postishev Pavel Petrovich - Russian
46. Pyatnitskii Iosif Aronovich ( Tarshis Iosif Oriolovich ) - Jew
47. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
48. Rumyantsev Ivan Petrovich - Russian
49. Rukhimovich Moisei Lʹvovich - Jew
50. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
51. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
52. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
53. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
54. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
55. Stepanov-Skvortsov ( Skvortsov ) Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
56. Stetskii Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
57. Strievskii Konstantin Konstantinovich - Belorussian
58. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
59. Sirtsov Sergei Ivanovich - Russian
60. Tolokontsev Aleksandr Fyodorovich - Russian
61. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
62. Уgarov Fyodor Yakovlevich - Russian
63. Уglanov Nikolai Aleksandrovich - Russian
64. Уkhanov Konstantin Vasilʹevich - Russian
65. Tsyurupa Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Ukrainian
66. Chicherin Georgii Vasilʹevich - Russian
67. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
68. Chudov Mikhail Semyonovich - Russian
69. Shvarts Isaak Izrailevich - Jew
70. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - Russian
71. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - German
B) Central Committee, elected by the XV-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 19.12.1927, candidates into membership:
1. Alekseev Pyotr Alekseevich - Russian
2. Antselovich Naum Markovich - Jew
3. Baranov Pyotr Ionovich - Russian
4. Bryukhanov Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
5. Vareikis Iosif Mikhailovich - Lithuanian
6. Gei Konstantin Veniaminovich - Russian
7. Gryadinskii Fyodor Pavlovich - Russian
8. Zhdanov Andrei Andreevich - Russian
9. Ivanov Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
10. Ikramov Akmalʹ - Uzbek
11. Kaligina Anna Stepanovna - Russian
12. Kaminskii Grigorii Naumovich - Jew
13. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
14. Klimenko Ivan Evdokimovich - Russian
15. Kodatskii Ivan Fyodorovich - Ukrainian
16. Kolgushkin Filimon Timofeevich - Russian
17. Kondratʹev Taras Kondratʹevich - Russian
18. Krinitskii Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
19. Leonov Fyodor Grigorʹevich - Russian
20. Lozovskii A. ( Dridzo Solomon Abramovich ) - Jew
21. Lokatskov Filipp Ivanovich - Russian
22. Lominadze Vissarion Vissarionovich - Georgian
23. Markov A. T. - Russian
24. Mezhlauk Valerii Ivanovich - Latvian (German mother)
25. Melʹnichanskii Grigorii Natanovich - Jew
26. Mirzoyan Levon Isaevich - Armenian
27. Mikhailov-Ivanov Mikhail Silʹverstovich - Russian
28. Musabekov Gazanfar Makhmud ogli - Azerbaijani
29. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
30. Nosov Ivan Petrovich - Russian
31. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich )- Russian
32. Oshvintsev Mikhail Konstantinovich - Russian
33. Polonskii Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
34. Rumyantsev Konstantin Andreevich - Russian
35. Rindin Kuzʹma Vasilʹevich - Russian
36. Ryutin Martemʹyan Nikitich - Russian
37. Semyonov Boris Aleksandrovich - Russian
38. Serebrovskii Aleksandr Pavlovich - Russian
39. Sobolev Sergei Mikhailovich - Russian
40. Stroganov Vasilii Andreevich - Russian
41. Sukhomlin Kirill Vasilʹevich - Russian
42. Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
43. Уrivaev Mikhail Egorovich ( Georgievich ) - Russian
44. Khataevich Mendelʹ Markovich - Jew
45. Tsikhon Anton Mikhailovich - Belorussian
46. Chaplin Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
47. Chuvirin Mikhail Evdokimovich - Russian
48. Chutskaev Sergei Egorovich - Russian
49. Eikhe Robert Indrikovich - Latvian
50. Eliava Shalva Zurabovich - Georgian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 87 (72%), Jews - 13 (11%)
LIST X.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XVI-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 13.7.1930, members:
1. Alekseev Pyotr Alekseevich - Russian
2. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
3. Antipov Nikolai Kirillovich - Russian
4. Badaev Aleksei Egorovich - Russian
5. Bauman Karl Yanovich - Latvian
6. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
7. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
8. Vareikis Iosif Mikhailovich - Latvian
9. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
10. Gamarnik Yan Borisovich - Jew
11. Goloshchyokin Filipp Isaevich - Jew
12. Zhdanov Andrei Andreevich - Russian
13. Zhukov Ivan Pavlovich - Russian
14. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
15. Kabakov Ivan Dmitrievich - Russian
16. Kaganovich Lazarʹ Moiseevich - Jew
17. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
18. Kviring Emmanuil Ionovich - German
19. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
20. Knorin Vilʹgelʹm Georgievich - Latvian
21. Kodatskii Ivan Fyodorovich - Ukrainian
22. Kolotilov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
23. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
24. Kosior Iosif Vikentʹevich - Polish
25. Kosior Stanislav Vikentʹevich - Polish
26. Krzhizhanovskii Gleb Maksimilianovich - Russian
27. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna - Russian
28. Kubyak Nikolai Afanasʹevich - Russian
29. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
30. Lebedʹ Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
31. Leonov Fyodor Grigorʹevich - Russian
32. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
33. Lominadze Vissarion Vissarionovich - Georgian
34. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
35. Lyubimov Isidor Evstigneevich - Russian
36. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
37. Menzhinskii Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich - Polish
38. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
39. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
40. Moskvin Ivan Mikhailovich - Russian
41. Nosov Ivan Petrovich - Russian
42. Orakhelashvili Mamiya ( Ivan ) Dmitrievich - Georgian
43. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
44. Postishev Pavel Petrovich - Russian
45. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
46. Pyatnitskii Iosif Aronovich ( Tarshis Iosif Oriolovich ) - Jew
47. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
48. Rumyantsev Ivan Petrovich - Russian
49. Rukhimovich Moisei Lʹvovich - Jew
50. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
51. Rindin Kuzʹma Vasilʹevich - Russian
52. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
53. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
54. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
55. Stetskii Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
56. Strievskii Konstantin Konstantinovich - Belorussian
57. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
58. Sirtsov Sergei Ivanovich - Russian
59. Tolokontsev Aleksandr Fyodorovich - Russian
60. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
61. Уkhanov Konstantin Vasilʹevich - Russian
62. Khataevich Mendelʹ Markovich - Jew
63. Tsikhon Anton Mikhailovich - Russian
64. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
65. Chuvirin Mikhail Evdokimovich - Russian
66. Chudov Mikhail Semyonovich - Russian
67. Shvarts Isaak Izrailevich - Jew
68. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - Russian
69. Sheboldaev Boris Petrovich - Russian
70. Eikhe Robert Indrikovich - Latvian
71. Yakovlev ( Epshtein ) Yakov Arkadʹevich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the XVI-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 13.7.1930, candidates into membership:
1. Amosov Aleksei Mefodʹevich - Russian
2. Antselovich Naum Markovich - Jew
3. Afanasʹev Stepan Ivanovich - Russian
4. Baranov Pyotr Ionovich - Russian
5. Bergavinov Sergei Adamovich - Russian
6. Bryukhanov Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
7. Bulat Ivan Lazarevich - Ukrainian
8. Bulatov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich - Russian
9. Bulin Anton Stepanovich - Russian
10. Veinberg Gavriil Davidovich - Jew
11. Volkov Pyotr Yakovlevich - Russian
12. Voronova Pelageya Yakovlevna - Russian
13. Gei Konstantin Veniaminovich - Russian
14. Goloded Nikolai Matveevich - Russian
15. Gryadinskii Fyodor Pavlovich - Russian
16. Dogadov Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
17. Ivanov Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
18. Ikramov Akmalʹ - Uzbek
19. Isaev Уraz Dzhaizakovich - Kazakh (?)
20. Kalmanovich Moisei Iosifovich - Jew
21. Kaligina Anna Stepanovna - Russian
22. Kaminskii Grigorii Naumovich - Jew
23. Kartvelishvili Lavrentii Iosifovich - Georgian
24. Kakhiani Mikhail Ivanovich - Georgian
25. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
26. Klimenko Ivan Evdokimovich - Russian
27. Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
28. Kosaryov Aleksandr Vasilʹevich - Russian
29. Krinitskii Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
30. Kuritsin Vasilii Ivanovich - Russian
31. Lozovskii A. ( Dridzo Solomon Abramovich ) - Jew
32. Mezhlauk Valerii Ivanovich - Latvian
33. Mirzoyan Levon Isaevich - Armenian
34. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
35. Mikhailov-Ivanov Mikhail Silʹverstovich - Russian
36. Musabekov Gazanfar Makhmud ogli - Azerbaijani
37. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
38. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Russian
39. Oshvintsev Mikhail Konstantinovich - Russian
40. Pakhomov Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
41. Perepechko Ivan Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
42. Pozern Boris Pavlovich - unspecified
43. Polonskii Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
44. Popov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
45. Ptukha Vladimir Vasilʹevich - Russian
46. Rumyantsev Konstantin Andreevich - Russian
47. Savelʹev Maksimilian Aleksandrovich - Russian
48. Sedelʹnikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
49. Semyonov Boris Aleksandrovich - Russian
50. Serebrovskii Aleksandr Pavlovich - Russian
51. Smorodin Pyotr Ivanovich - Russian
52. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
53. Stroganov Vasilii Andreevich - Russian
54. Sukhomlin Kirill Vasilʹevich - Russian
55. Terekhov Roman Yakovlevich - Russian
56. Уborevich Ieronim Petrovich - Lithuanian
57. Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
58. Уrivaev Mikhail Egorovich ( Georgievich ) - Russian
59. Khloplyankin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
60. Tsarʹkov Fyodor Filatovich - Russian
61. Chaplin Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
62. Chutskaev Sergei Egorovich - Russian
63. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - German
64. Eliava Shalva Zurabovich - Georgian
65. Yurkin Tikhon Aleksandrovich - Russian
66. Yagoda Genrikh Grigorʹevich ( Yeguda Enokh Gershonovich ) - Jew
67. Yakir Iona Emmanuilovich - Moldavian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 96 (70%), Jews - 16 (12%)
MEMBERSHIP OF THE FIRST SOVIET (i.e. Council) OF THE PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS
1. Chairman - Vladimir Ilʹich Уlʹyanov ( Lenin )(26.10.1917 - 21.01.1924) - Russian
2. People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs:
Aleksei Ivanovich Rikov (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
3. People's Commissariat for Agriculture:
Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Russian
4. People's Commissariat for Labor:
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (26.10.1917 - 8.10.1918) - Russian
5. People's Commissariat for Military and Navy Affairs (26.10. - 8.11.1917):
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko - Ukrainian
Pavel Efimovich Dibenko - Ukrainian
Nikolai Vasilʹevich Krilenko - Russian
6. People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry:
Viktor Pavlovich Nogin (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
7. People's Commissariat for Education:
Anatolii Vasilʹevich Lunacharskii (under real fathers name - Antonov (26.10.1917 - 12.09.1929) - Russian
8. People's Commissariat of Finance:
Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov (26.10.1917 - 20.01.1918) - Russian
9. People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs:
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(26.10.1917 - 8.04.1918) - Jew
10. People's Commissariat for Justice:
Georgii Ippolitovich Lomov-Oppokov (26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
11. People's Commissariat for Food Supplies:
Ivan Adolʹfovich Teodorovich (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Polish
12. People's Commissariat for Post and Telegraph:
Nikolai Pavlovich Glebov ( Avilov )(26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
13. People's Commissariat of Nationalities of RSFSR (1917-1923):
Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Stalin ) - Osetian
14. People's Commissariat of Railways (26.10.1917 - 24.02.1918):
Mark Timofeevich Elizarov (8.11.1917 - 7.01.1918) - Russian
15. People's Commissariat for Shelter (8.11.1917 - 20.03.1918):
Aleksandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (30.10.1917 - 17.03.1918) - Ukrainian
16. Supreme Soviet of the National Economy:
Valerian Valerianovich Osinskii ( Obolenskii )(1.12.1917 - 22.03.1918) - Russian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 15 (83%) , 1 Jew, 1 Polish, 1 Osetian.
SUPREME ORGANS OF STATE CONTROL (1917-1924)
I. Membership of the Soviet of the People's Commissars:
1. Chairman – Vladimir Ilʹich Уlʹyanov ( Lenin )(26.10.1917 - 21.01.1924) - Russian
2. People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs:
Aleksei Ivanovich Rikov (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
Grigorii Ivanovich Petrovskii (17.11.1917 - 25.03.1919) - Ukrainian
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (30.03.1919 - 6.07.1923) - Polish
Aleksandr Georgievich Beloborodov (7.07.1923 - 13.01.1928) - Russian
3. People's Commissariat for Agriculture:
Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Russian
Aleksandr Grigorʹevich Shlikhter (13.11. - 24.11.1917) - Russophied German (Father: 1/2 German, 1/2 Kazakh; Mother is from Ukrainian Nobility)
Andrei Lukich Kolegaev (25.11.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Russian
Semen Pafnutʹevich Sereda (3.04.1918 - 10.02.1921) - Ukrainian
Valerian Valerianovich Obolenskii ( Osinskii )(temp. 24.03.1921 - 18.01.1922) - Russian
Vasilii Grigorʹevich Yakovenko (18.01.1922 - 7.07.1923) - Russian
Aleksandr Petrovich Smirnov (7.07.1923 - 19.12.1928) - Russian
4. People's Commissariat for Labor:
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (26.10.1917 - 8.10.1918) - Russian
Vasilii Vladimirovich Shmidt (8.10.1918 - 29.11.1928) - Russophied German
5. A) People's Commissariat for Military and Navy Affairs (26.10. - 8.11.1917), Soviet of Military Commissars (8.11. - 26.11.1917):
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko - Ukrainian
Pavel Efimovich Dibenko - Ukrainian
Nikolai Vasilʹevich Krilenko - Russian
B) People's Commissariat for Military and Navy Affairs (26.11.1917 - 20.06.1934):
Nikolai Ilʹich Podvoiskii (27.11.1917 - 14.03.1918) - Ukrainian
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(14.03.1918 - 26.01.1925) - Jew
C) People's Commissariat for Navy Affairs (22.02 - 17.12. 1918):
Pavel Efimovich Dibenko (22.02. - 15.03.1918) - Ukrainian
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(6.04. - 17.12.1918) - Jew
6. A)People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry:
Viktor Pavlovich Nogin (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (i.o. 4.11.1917 - 26.03.1918) - Russian
Vasilii Mikhailovich Smirnov (i.o. 2 - 22.04.1918) - Russian
Mechislav Genrikovich Bronskii (i.o. 22.04. - 9.05.1918) - Polish
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (14.05.1918 - 12.06.1920) - Russian
On 12.06.1920 transformed into the People's Commissariat of External Trade.
B) People's Commissariat of External Trade (1920 - 91):
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (12.06.1920 - 18.11.1925) - Russian
C) Commission for Internal Trade under the Council of Labor and Defence (24.12.1922 - 9.05.1924), People's Commissariat of External Trade of USSR (9.05.1924 - 18.11.1925)
Andrei Matveevich Lezhava (24.12.1922 - 9.05.1924)(9.05. - 17.12.1924) - Georgian
Aron Lʹvovich Sheinman (17.12.1924 - 18.11.1925) - Jew
7. People's Commissariat for Education:
Anatolii Vasilʹevich Lunacharskii (under real fathers name - Antonov (26.10.1917 - 12.09.1929) - Russian
8. People's Commissariat of Finance:
Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov (26.10.1917 - 20.01.1918) - Russian
Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii (20.01. - 28.03.1918) - Polish
Isidor Emmanuilovich Gukovskii (2.04. - 16.08.1918) - Jew (?)
Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinskii (16.08.1918 - 10.10.1922) - Ukrainian
Grigorii Yakovlevich Sokolʹnikov ( Brilliant )(10.10.1922 - 16.01.1926) - Jew
9. People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs:
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(26.10.1917 - 8.04.1918) - Jew
Georgii Vasilʹevich Chicherin (9.04.1918 - 25.07.1930) - Russian (mother from German Nobility)
10. People's Commissariat for Justice:
Georgii Ippolitovich Lomov-Oppokov (26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
Isaak Zakharovich Shteinberg (9.12.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Jew
Petr Ivanovich Stuchka (18.03. - 22.08.1918) - Russophied Latvian
Dmitrii Ivanovich Kurskii (22.08.1918 - 18.02.1928) - Russian
11. People's Commissariat for Food Supplies:
Ivan Adolʹfovich Teodorovich (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Polish
Aleksandr Grigorʹevich Shlikhter (18.12.1917 - 24.02.1918) - Russophied German
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (25.02.1918 - 12.12.1921) - Ukrainian
Nikolai Pavlovich Bryukhanov (12.12.1921 - 9.05.1924) - Russian
12. People's Commissariat for Post and Telegraph:
Nikolai Pavlovich Glebov ( Avilov )(26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
Prosh Perchevich Proshʹyan (9.12.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Armenian
Vadim Nikolaevich Podbelʹskii (11.04.1918 - 25.02.1920) - Russian
Artemii Moiseevich Lyubovich (24.03.1920 - 26.05.1921)(12.11.1927 - 14.01.1928) - Jew
Valerian Savelʹevich Dovgalevskii (26.05.1921 - 6.07.1923) - Russian
Ivan Nikitich Smirnov (6.07.1923 - 6.10.1927) - Russian
13. People's Commissariat of Nationalities of RSFSR (1917 - 23):
Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Stalin ) - Osetian
14. A) People's Commissariat of Railways (26.10.1917 - 24.02.1918):
Mark Timofeevich Elizarov (8.11.1917 - 7.01.1918) - Russian
B) People's commissariat of Communications (24.02.1918 - 15.03.1946):
Aleksei Gavrilovich Rogov (24.02. - 9.05.1918) - Russian
Petr Alekseevich Kobozev (9.05. - 24.06.1918) - Russian
Vladimir Ivanovich Nevskii ( Krivobokov )(25.07.1918 - 15.03.1919) - Russian
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (30.03.1919 - 20.03.1920) - Russian
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(20.03. - 10.12.1920) - Jew
Aleksandr Ivanovich Emshanov (10.12.1920 - 14.04.1921) - Russian
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (14.04.1921 - 2.02.1924) - Polish
Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak (2.02.1924 - 11.06.1930) - Latvian
15. A) People's Commissariat for Shelter (8.11.1917 - 20.03.1918):
Aleksandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (30.10.1917 - 17.03.1918) - Ukrainian (Finnish on her Mothers side)
B) People's Commissariat for Social Security (1918 - 1991):
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vinokurov (20.03.1918 - 30.06.1921) - Russian
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Milyutin (i.o. 14.04.1921 - 29.12.1924) - Russian
Vasilii Grigorʹevich Yakovenko (29.12.1924 - 2.10.1926) - Russian
16. People's Commissariat for State Property of RSFSR:
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Karelin (9.12.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Russian
Petr Petrovich Malinovskii (18.03. - 7.04.1918) - Russian
17. People's Commissariat for Local Self-Government of RSFSR:
Vladimir Efimovich Trutovskii (19.12.1917 - 12.06.1918) - Russian
18. A) People's Commissariat for State Control of RSFSR:
Karl Ivanovich Lander (9.05.1918 - 25.03.1919) - ? (Baltic German or Jew)
Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin ( Dzhugashvili )(30.03.1919 - 7.02.1920) - Osetian
B) People's Commissariat for Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of RSFSR (7.02.1920 - 34), since 6.07.1923 united with Central Control Committee of the ACP(B) into the Central Control Committee - Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate:
Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin ( Dzhugashvili )(24.02.1920 - 25.04.1922) - Osetian
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (25.04.1922 - 6.07.1923) - Ukrainian
Valerian Vladimirovich Kuibishev (6.07.1923 - 5.11.1926) - Russian
19. People's Commissariat for Health care:
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vinokurov (representative of the Soviet (Council) of Medical Collegiums 21.01. - 27.06.1918) - Russian
Nikolai Alekandrovich Semashko (11.07.1918 - 25.01.1930) - Russian
II. All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (VChK - Cheka)-State Political Directorate (GPУ - GPU)-United State Political Directorate (OGPУ - OGPU):
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (20.12.1917 - 6.07.1918)(22.08.1918 - 20.07.1926) - Polish
Yakov Khristoforovich Peters (i.o. 8.07. - 22.08.1918) - Latvian
III. Soviet Of Workers’–;Peasants’ Defense (Soviet of Labor and Defense since 1920):
Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin ( Уlʹyanov )(30.11.1918 - 21.01.1924, de facto until 12.12.1922) - Russian
IV. SUPREME SOVIET OF NATIONAL ECONOMY (1917 - 32):
Valerian Valerianovich Osinskii ( Obolenskii )(1.12.1917 - 22.03.1918) - Russian
Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (temp. 23.03. - 3.04.1918) - Russian
Aleksei Ivanovich Rikov (3.04.1918 - 6.05.1921)(6.07.1923 - 1.02.1924) - Russian
Petr Alekseevich Bogdanov (8.05.1921 - 6.07.1923) - Russian
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (2.02.1924 - 20.07.1926) - Polish
V. A) Head Commissars of the Peoples Bank of RSFSR (12.11.1917 - 19.01.1920):
Valerian Valerianovich Obolenskii ( Osinskii )(31.10. - 3.12.1917) - Russian
Yurii Leonidovich Pyatakov (3.12.1917 - 4.06.1918)(3.06.1929 - 18.10.1930) - Russian
Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinskii (06.1918) - Ukrainian
Nikolai Vladimirovich Nikolaev (06.1918) - Russian
Yakov Stanislavovich Ganetskii ( Fyurstenberg )(07.1918 - 19.01.1920) - Polish
B) Chairmen of the State Bank of RSFSR (12.10.1921 - 6.07.1923):
Aron Lʹvovich Sheinman (13.10.1921 - 17.12.1924)(17.01.1926 - 2.06.1929) - Jew
Nikolai Gavrilovich Tumanov (17.12.1924 - 16.01.1926) - Russian
VI. State Planning Committee (1921 - 1991):
Gleb Maksimilianovich Krzhizhanovskii (23.02.1921 - 11.12.1923), (20.11.1925 - 10.11.1930) - Russian
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (11.12.1923 - 18.11.1925) - Ukrainian
VII. Central Statistical Directorate:
Pavel Ilʹich Popov (25.07.1918 - 5.01.1926) - Russian
VIII. Supreme Soviet of Physical Culture under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee:
Konstantin Aleksandrovich Mekhonoshin (1923 - 26) - Russian
IX. Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union:
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vinokurov (14.03.1924 - 17.08.1938) - Russian
X. Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union:
Petr Ananʹevich Krasikov (15.03.1924 - 20.06.1933) - Russian
TOTAL (from all 72 aforementioned statesmen): Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 48 (67%), Jews - 8 (11%), Polish - 5 (7%), 3 Latvians, 2 Russophied Germans, 2 Armenians, 2 Georgians, 1 Osetian and 1 questionable.
INSTITUTIONS OF STATE SECURITY
Structure of the First All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (VChK - Cheka) on the 1.01.1918.
Chairman - Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
Members of the Cheka:
Averin Vasilii Kuzʹmich - Russian
Evseev Dmitrii Gavrilovich - Russian
Zhidelev Nikolai Andreevich - Russian
Ksenofontov Ivan Ksenofontovich - Russian
Menzhinskii Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich - Polish
Peters Yakov Khristoforovich - Latvian
Peterson Karl Andreevich - Latvian
Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
Trifonov Valentin Andreevich - Russian (from the Kazakhs)
Yakovlev K.A. - Russian
TOTAL: 7 Russians, 2 Polish, 2 Latvians.
Structure of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (VChK - Cheka) on the 1.01.1921:
Chairman - Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
Vice-Chairman - Ksenofontov Ivan Ksenofontovich - Russian
Chairmans Secretary - Gerson V.L. - Jew (?)
Special-Department with the Presidium of the Cheka - Belenʹkii Abram Yakovlevich - Jew
Investigation Department under the Presidium of the Cheka - Felʹdman Vladimir Dmitrievich - Russian (from Russophied Germans or Jews)
Management of Matters - Yagoda Genrikh ( Enokh ) Grigorievich ( Gershenovich ) - Jew
Communication Service - Sviderskii Stanislav Ieronimovich - (?)
Medical Unit of the Cheka - Stashevskii ( Girshfelʹd ) Artur Karlovich - Jew
Department of House Control of the Cheka - Pimanov P.M. - Russian
Administrative-Organizational Administration - Apeter Ivan Andreevich - (?)
Economic Control - Nikolai Vasilʹevich Krilenko - Russian
Secret-Operational Control - Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii - Polish
Registration-Statistical Control - Rotsen Yan Petrovich - (?)
Unique Division - Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii - Polish
Secret Division - Samsonov Timofei Petrovich - Russian
Special Division - Bokii Gleb Ivanovich - Ukrainian
Foreign Division - Davtyan Yakov Khristoforovich - Armenian
Transport Division - Blagonravov Georgii Ivanovich - Russian
Supply Department - Nikolaev Ivan Nikolaevich - Russian
Control Commission of Affair Management of the Cheka - Shpigelʹglas Sergei Mikhailovich - Jew
TOTAL: from 19 Russians - 8 (42%), Jews - 5(26%), 2 Polish, Armenian, 3 unspecified.
Structure of the State Political Directorate (GPU) under NKVD of RSFSR on the 1.01.1923
Chairman - Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
Vice-Chairman - Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
Chairmans Secretary - Gerson V.L. - Jew (?)
Chief of the Secretariat of Board the GPU - Ezerskaya ( Volʹf ) Romana Davidovna - Jew
Special Division of the Board - Belenʹkii Abram Yakovlevich - Jew
Secret-Operational Control - Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii - Polish
- Secret Division - Samsonov Timofei Petrovich - Russian
- Counter-Intelligence Division - Artuzov ( Frauchi ) Artur Khristianovich - Swiss
- Unique Division - Yagoda Genrikh ( Enokh ) Grigorievich ( Gershenovich ) - Jew
- Transport Division - Blagonravov Georgii Ivanovich - Russian
- Foreign Division - Trilisser Mikhail Abramovich - Jew
- Eastern Division - Peters Yakov Khristoforovich - Latvian
- Operative Division - Surta Ivan Zakharovich - Belorussian
- Informational Division - V.F.Ashmarin - Russian
- Political Control Division - Etingof Boris Evgenʹevich - Jew
- Division of Central Registry - Shanin Aleksandr Mikhailovich - Russian
Special Division - Bokii Gleb Ivanovich - Ukrainian
Justice Division - Felʹdman Vladimir Dmitrievich - Russian
Economic Control - Z.B.Katsnelʹson - Jew
Administrative-Organizational Administration - I.A.Vorontsov - Russian
Staff of Troops of the GPU - N.A.Efimov - Russian
Supply Department - S.F.Sidorov - Russian
Courses of the GPU - Felʹdman Vladimir Dmitrievich - Russian
TOTAL(22): Russians - 10 (45%), Jews - 7(32%), 3 Polish, a Swiss and a Latvian.
National Make-Up of the Central Apparatus of the United State Political Directorate (OGPU) in the 1920s:
-October 1st, 1921, the membership of the Cheka was up to 49,991 people. The membership consisted from 38,648 Russians (77%), 4,563 jews (9%), 1,770 Latvians, 1,559 Ukrainians, 886 Polaks, 315 Germans, 186 Lithuanians, 152 Estonians, 104 Armenians. Other nationalities counted up to 1,808 people, which is but 3,6% of the total.
-Collegium of the Cheka consisted out of 13 people, 3 of them Russians ( M.S. Kedrov, I.K. Ksenofontov and V.N. Mantsev ), three jews ( S.A. Messing, N.S. Уnshlikht, G.G. Yagoda ), two Latvians ( M. Ya. Latsis, Ya. X. Peters ), two Polaks ( F.E. Dzerzhinskii, V.R. Menzhinskii ), one Ukrainian ( G.I. Bokii ), one Belorussian ( F.D. Medvedʹ ), one Armenian ( V.A. Avanesov ).
-The Middle and High management of the Central command of the OGPU on the 15.11.1923 consisted of: 54 Russians (57%), 15 Jews (16%), 12 Latvians, 10 Polaks, and 4 people of other nationalities.
-On the 1st of May 1924, 2,402 worked in the Central command. It consisted of Russians - 1,670 (70%), Latvians - 208 (9%), Jews - 204 (8%), Polaks - 90, Belorussians - 80, Ukrainians - 66.
-By Spring of 1937 the membership of local branches of state security (that means excluding central command) consisted of: 15,670 Russians – 65% , 3,489 Ukrainians and Belorussians – 14,6% , 1,776 Jews – 7,4% and others.
-In 1940 the membership of the central command of the NKVD consisted of: 3,073 Russians – 84%, 267 Ukrainians and Belorussians – 7,25%, 189 Jews – 5% and others.
Sources include Soviet and NKVD Archives in the possession of the Federal Security Service ( FSB - FSB ) of the Russian Federation and from the "Lubyanka. Institutions Cheka-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB. 1917-1991" reference book. Compiled by A.I.Kokurin (Kokurin) and N.V.Petrov (Petrov). International "Democracy" Fond, Moscow. Publishing by Yale University, USA. Publishing by \"Materik\" ("Continent"), Moscow. 2003.
Note: dates in DD-MM-YY format.
LIST I.
A) Central Committee, elected by the VI-th assembly of the RSDLP(B) (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party of Bolsheviks) on the 3.8.1917, members:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Berzin Yan Antonovich - Latvian
3. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
4. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
5. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
6. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Kollontai ( Domontovich ) Aleksandra Mikhailovna - Ukrainian
9. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
10. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
11. Milyutin Vladimir Pavlovich - Russian
12. Muranov Matvei Konstantinovich - Ukrainian
13. Nogin Viktor Pavlovich - Russian
14. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
15. Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich - Jew
16. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
17. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
18. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
19. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
20. Уritskii ( Boretskii ) Moisei Solomonovich - Jew
21. Shaumyan Stepan Georgievich - Armenian
B) Central Committee, elected by the VI-th assembly of the RSDLP(B) (Russian Social Democratic Labor Party of Bolsheviks) on the 3(16).8.1917, candidates into membership:
1. Dzhaparidze Prokopii Aprasionovich - Georgian
2. Ioffe Adolʹf Abramovich - Jew
3. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
4. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
5. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Russian
6. Preobrazhenskii Evgenii Alekseevich - Russian
7. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
8. Stasova Elena Dmitrievna - Russian
9. Teodorovich Ivan Adolʹfovich - Polish
10. Yakovleva Varvara Nikolaevna - Russian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 17 (55%), Jews - 6 (19%)
LIST II.
A) Central Committee, elected by the VII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 8.3.1918, members:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Vladimirskii Mikhail Fyodorovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
6. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
7. Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich - Jew
8. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
9. Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich - Jew
10. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
11. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
12. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
13. Stasova Elena Dmitrievna - Russian
14. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
15. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - Russophied German
B) Central Committee, elected by the VII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 8.3.1918, candidates into membership:
1. Berzin Yan Antonovich - Latvian
2. Ioffe Adolʹf Abramovich - Jew
3. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
4. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
5. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Ukrainian
6. Stuchka Pyotr Ivanovich - Russophied Latvian
7. Уritskii ( Boretskii ) Moisei Solomonovich - Jew
8. Shlyapnikov Aleksandr Gavrilovich - Russian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 10 (43%), Jews - 7 (30%)
LIST III.
A) Central Committee, elected by the VIII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 23.3.1919, members:
1. Beloborodov Aleksandr Georgievich - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
4. Evdokimov Grigorii Eremeevich - Russian
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich - Jew
6. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
9. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
10. Muranov Matvei Konstantinovich - Ukrainian
11. Radek ( Sobelʹson ) Karl Berngardovich - Jew
12. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
13. Serebryakov Leonid Petrovich - Russian
14. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
15. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
16. Stasova Elena Dmitrievna - Russian
17. Stuchka Pyotr Ivanovich - Russophied Latvian
18. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
19. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the VIII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 23.3.1919, candidates into membership:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
3. Vladimirskii Mikhail Fyodorovich - Russian
4. Danishevskii Karl-Yulii Khristianovich - Latvian
5. Mitskyavichus-Kapsukas Vintsas Simanovich - Lithuanian
6. Smirnov Ivan Nikitich - Russian
7. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - Russophied German
8. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 14 (52%), Jews - 5 (18%)
LIST IV.
A) Central Committee, elected by the IX-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 5.4.1920, members:
1. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
2. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
3. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
6. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Krestinskii Nikolai Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
9. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
10. Preobrazhenskii Evgenii Alekseevich - Russian
11. Radek ( Sobelʹson ) Karl Berngardovich - Jew
12. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
13. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
14. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
15. Serebryakov Leonid Petrovich - Russian
16. Smirnov Ivan Nikitich - Russian
17. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
18. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
19. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the IX-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 5.4.1920, candidates into membership:
1. Beloborodov Aleksandr Georgievich - Russian
2. Gusev Sergei Ivanovich ( Drabkin Yakov Davidovich ) - Jew
3. Zalutskii Pyotr Antonovich - Russian
4. Milyutin Vladimir Pavlovich - Russian
5. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
6. Muranov Matvei Konstantinovich - Ukrainian
7. Nogin Viktor Pavlovich - Russian
8. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
9. Pyatnitskii Iosif Aronovich ( Tarshis Iosif Oriolovich ) - Jew
10. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
11. Stuchka Pyotr Ivanovich - Russophied Latvian
12. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 18, Jews - 7
LIST V.
A) Central Committee, elected by the X-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 16.3.1921, members:
1. Artyom ( Sergeev Fyodor Andreevich ) - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
6. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
7. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
8. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
9. Kutuzov Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
10. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
11. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
12. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
13. Ordzhonikidze Georgii Konstantinovich - Georgian
14. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
15. Radek (Sobelʹson Karl Berngardovich - Jew
16. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
17. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
18. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
19. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
20. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
21. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
22. Tuntul I. Ya. - Tatar
23. Frunze Mikhail Vasilʹevich - Moldavian (on his fathers side, Russian mother)
24. Shlyapnikov Aleksandr Gavrilovich - Russian
25. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the X-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 16.3.1921, candidates into membership:
1. Gusev Sergei Ivanovich ( Drabkin Yakov Davidovich ) - Jew
2. Zalutskii Pyotr Antonovich - Russian
3. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
4. Kirov (KostrikovPosted Image Sergei Mironovich - Russian
5. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
6. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
7. Milyutin Vladimir Pavlovich - Russian
8. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Russian
9. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
10. Safarov ( Volʹdin ) Georgii Ivanovich - unspecified
11. Smirnov Ivan Nikitich - Russian
12. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
13. Уglanov Nikolai Aleksandrovich - Russian
14. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
15. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - Russophied German
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 24 (60%), Jews - 7 (18%)
LIST VI.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XI-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 2.4.1922, members:
1. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
2. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
3. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
4. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
5. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
6. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
7. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
8. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
9. Korotkov Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
10. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
11. Lenin ( Уlʹyanov ) Vladimir Ilʹich - Russian
12. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
13. Ordzhonikidze Georgii Konstantinovich - Georgian
14. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
15. Radek ( Sobelʹson ) Karl Berngardovich - Jew
16. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
17. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
18. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
19. Sapronov Timofei Vladimirovich - Russian
20. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
21. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
22. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
23. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
24. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
25. Frunze Mikhail Vasilʹevich - Moldavian
26. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
27. Yaroslavskii Emelʹyan Mikhailovich ( Gubelʹman Minei Izrailevich ) - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the XI-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 2.4.1922, candidates into membership:
1. Badaev Aleksei Egorovich - Russian
2. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
3. Gusev Sergei Ivanovich ( Drabkin Yakov Davidovich ) - Jew
4. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
5. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
6. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
7. Krivov Timofei Stepanovich - Russian
8. Lebedʹ Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
9. Lepse Ivan Ivanovich - Latvian
10. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
11. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
12. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
13. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
14. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
15. Rakhimbaev Abdullo Rakhimbaevich - Uzbek
16. Safarov ( Volʹdin ) Georgii Ivanovich - unspecified
17. Smilga Ivar Tenisovich - Latvian
18. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
19. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - German
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 26 (56%), Jews - 8 (17%)
LIST VII.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XIII-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 31.4.1924, members:
1. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
2. Antipov Nikolai Kirillovich - Russian
3. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
4. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
5. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
6. Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
7. Dogadov Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
8. Evdokimov Grigorii Eremeevich - Russian
9. Zalutskii Pyotr Antonovich - Russian
10. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
11. Zinovʹev Grigorii Evseevich ( Radomislʹskii Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich ) - Jew
12. Kaganovich Lazarʹ Moiseevich - Jew
13. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
14. Kamenev ( Rozenfelʹd ) Lev Borisovich - Jew
15. Kviring Emmanuil Ionovich - German
16. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
17. Kolotilov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
18. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
19. Kosior Stanislav Vikentʹevich - Polish
20. Krasin Leonid Borisovich - Russian
21. Krzhizhanovskii Gleb Maksimilianovich - Russian (father - Russophied Polish, Mother - German)
22. Kubyak Nikolai Afanasʹevich - Russian
23. Kuklin Aleksandr Sergeevich - Russian
24. Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich - Jew
25. Lepse Ivan Ivanovich - Latvian
26. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
27. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
28. Medvedev Aleksei Vasilʹevich - Russian
29. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
30. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
31. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
32. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
33. Ordzhonikidze Georgii Konstantinovich - Georgian
34. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
35. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
36. Rakovskii Khristian Georgievich ( Stanchev Krʺstyu ) - Bulgarian
37. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
38. Rumyantsev Ivan Petrovich - Russian
39. Rukhimovich Moisei Lʹvovich - Jew
40. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
41. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
42. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
43. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
44. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
45. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
46. Trotskii ( Bronshtein ) Lev Davidovich - Jew
47. Уglanov Nikolai Aleksandrovich - Russian
48. Уkhanov Konstantin Vasilʹevich - Russian
49. Frunze Mikhail Vasilʹevich - Moldavian
50. Kharitonov Moisei Markovich - Jew
51. Tsyurupa Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Ukrainian
52. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
53. Shvarts Isaak Izrailevich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the XIV-th assembly of the RCP(B) (Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 31.12.1925, candidates into membership:
1. Avdeev Ivan Ananʹevich - Russian
2. Vareikis Iosif Mikhailovich - Lithuanian
3. Gamarnik Yan Borisovich - Jew
4. Gei Konstantin Veniaminovich - Russian
5. Goloshchyokin Filipp Isaevich - Jew
6. Zhdanov Andrei Andreevich - Russian
7. Ivanov Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
8. Ikramov Akmalʹ Ikramovich - Uzbek
9. Kaligina Anna Stepanovna - Russian
10. Kaminskii Grigorii Naumovich - Jew
11. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
12. Klimenko Ivan Evdokimovich - Ukrainian
13. Kodatskii Ivan Fyodorovich - Ukrainian (possibly Russian?)
14. Kondratʹev Taras Kondratʹevich - Russian
15. Kosior Iosif Vikentʹevich - Polish
16. Krinitskii Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
17. Lashevich Mikhail Mikhailovich - Jew
18. Lominadze Vissarion Vissarionovich - Georgian
19. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
20. Lukashin Sergei Lukʹyanovich ( Srapionyan Sarkis ) - Armenian
21. Lyubimov Isidor Evstigneevich - Russian
22. Markov A. T. - Russian
23. Matveev Dmitrii Ignatʹevich - Russian
24. Melʹnichanskii Grigorii Natanovich - Jew
25. Moskvin Ivan Mikhailovich - Russian
26. Musabekov Gazanfar Makhmud ogli - Azerbaijani
27. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
28. Nosov Ivan Petrovich - Russian
29. Orakhelashvili Mamiya ( Ivan ) Dmitrievich - Georgian
30. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Georgian
31. Postishev Pavel Petrovich - Russian
32. Rumyantsev Konstantin Andreevich - Russian
33. Rindin Kuzʹma Vasilʹevich - Russian
34. Semyonov Boris Aleksandrovich - Russian
35. Serebrovskii Aleksandr Pavlovich - Russian
36. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
37. Strievskii Konstantin Konstantinovich - Belorussian
38. Sirtsov Sergei Ivanovich - Russian
39. Уgarov Fyodor Yakovlevich - Russian
40. Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
41. Уrivaev Mikhail Egorovich ( Georgievich ) - Russian
42. Chaplin Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
43. Eikhe Robert Indrikovich - Latvian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 71 (67%), Jews - 13 (12%)
List IX.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XV-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 19.12.1927, members:
1. Akulov Ivan Alekseevich - Russian
2. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
3. Antipov Nikolai Kirillovich - Russian
4. Artyukhina Aleksandra Vasilʹevna - Russian
5. Badaev Aleksei Egorovich - Russian
6. Bauman Karl Yanovich - Latvian
7. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
8. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
9. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
10. Gamarnik Yan Borisovich - Jew
11. Goloshchyokin Filipp Isaevich - Jew
12. Dogadov Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
13. Zhukov Ivan Pavlovich - Russian
14. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
15. Kabakov Ivan Dmitrievich - Russian
16. Kaganovich Lazarʹ Moiseevich - Jew
17. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
18. Kviring Emmanuil Ionovich - German
19. Kirkizh Kupriyan Osipovich - Belorussian
20. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
21. Knorin Vilʹgelʹm Georgievich - Latvian
22. Kolotilov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
23. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
24. Kosior Iosif Vikentʹevich - Polish
25. Kosior Stanislav Vikentʹevich - Polish
26. Kotov Vasilii Afanasʹevich - Russian
27. Krzhizhanovskii Gleb Maksimilianovich - Russian
28. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna - Russian
29. Kubyak Nikolai Afanasʹevich - Russian
30. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
31. Kulikov Egor Fyodorovich - Russian
32. Lepse Ivan Ivanovich - Latvian
33. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
34. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
35. Lyubimov Isidor Evstigneevich - Russian
36. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
37. Medvedev Aleksei Vasilʹevich - Russian
38. Menzhinskii Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich - Polish (on his fathers side, Russian mother)
39. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
40. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
41. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
42. Moskvin Ivan Mikhailovich - Russian
43. Orakhelashvili Mamiya ( Ivan ) Dmitrievich - Georgian
44. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
45. Postishev Pavel Petrovich - Russian
46. Pyatnitskii Iosif Aronovich ( Tarshis Iosif Oriolovich ) - Jew
47. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
48. Rumyantsev Ivan Petrovich - Russian
49. Rukhimovich Moisei Lʹvovich - Jew
50. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
51. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
52. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
53. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
54. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
55. Stepanov-Skvortsov ( Skvortsov ) Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
56. Stetskii Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
57. Strievskii Konstantin Konstantinovich - Belorussian
58. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
59. Sirtsov Sergei Ivanovich - Russian
60. Tolokontsev Aleksandr Fyodorovich - Russian
61. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
62. Уgarov Fyodor Yakovlevich - Russian
63. Уglanov Nikolai Aleksandrovich - Russian
64. Уkhanov Konstantin Vasilʹevich - Russian
65. Tsyurupa Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Ukrainian
66. Chicherin Georgii Vasilʹevich - Russian
67. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
68. Chudov Mikhail Semyonovich - Russian
69. Shvarts Isaak Izrailevich - Jew
70. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - Russian
71. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - German
B) Central Committee, elected by the XV-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 19.12.1927, candidates into membership:
1. Alekseev Pyotr Alekseevich - Russian
2. Antselovich Naum Markovich - Jew
3. Baranov Pyotr Ionovich - Russian
4. Bryukhanov Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
5. Vareikis Iosif Mikhailovich - Lithuanian
6. Gei Konstantin Veniaminovich - Russian
7. Gryadinskii Fyodor Pavlovich - Russian
8. Zhdanov Andrei Andreevich - Russian
9. Ivanov Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
10. Ikramov Akmalʹ - Uzbek
11. Kaligina Anna Stepanovna - Russian
12. Kaminskii Grigorii Naumovich - Jew
13. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
14. Klimenko Ivan Evdokimovich - Russian
15. Kodatskii Ivan Fyodorovich - Ukrainian
16. Kolgushkin Filimon Timofeevich - Russian
17. Kondratʹev Taras Kondratʹevich - Russian
18. Krinitskii Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
19. Leonov Fyodor Grigorʹevich - Russian
20. Lozovskii A. ( Dridzo Solomon Abramovich ) - Jew
21. Lokatskov Filipp Ivanovich - Russian
22. Lominadze Vissarion Vissarionovich - Georgian
23. Markov A. T. - Russian
24. Mezhlauk Valerii Ivanovich - Latvian (German mother)
25. Melʹnichanskii Grigorii Natanovich - Jew
26. Mirzoyan Levon Isaevich - Armenian
27. Mikhailov-Ivanov Mikhail Silʹverstovich - Russian
28. Musabekov Gazanfar Makhmud ogli - Azerbaijani
29. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
30. Nosov Ivan Petrovich - Russian
31. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich )- Russian
32. Oshvintsev Mikhail Konstantinovich - Russian
33. Polonskii Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
34. Rumyantsev Konstantin Andreevich - Russian
35. Rindin Kuzʹma Vasilʹevich - Russian
36. Ryutin Martemʹyan Nikitich - Russian
37. Semyonov Boris Aleksandrovich - Russian
38. Serebrovskii Aleksandr Pavlovich - Russian
39. Sobolev Sergei Mikhailovich - Russian
40. Stroganov Vasilii Andreevich - Russian
41. Sukhomlin Kirill Vasilʹevich - Russian
42. Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
43. Уrivaev Mikhail Egorovich ( Georgievich ) - Russian
44. Khataevich Mendelʹ Markovich - Jew
45. Tsikhon Anton Mikhailovich - Belorussian
46. Chaplin Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
47. Chuvirin Mikhail Evdokimovich - Russian
48. Chutskaev Sergei Egorovich - Russian
49. Eikhe Robert Indrikovich - Latvian
50. Eliava Shalva Zurabovich - Georgian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 87 (72%), Jews - 13 (11%)
LIST X.
A) Central Committee, elected by the XVI-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 13.7.1930, members:
1. Alekseev Pyotr Alekseevich - Russian
2. Andreev Andrei Andreevich - Russian
3. Antipov Nikolai Kirillovich - Russian
4. Badaev Aleksei Egorovich - Russian
5. Bauman Karl Yanovich - Latvian
6. Bubnov Andrei Sergeevich - Russian
7. Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
8. Vareikis Iosif Mikhailovich - Latvian
9. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - Russian
10. Gamarnik Yan Borisovich - Jew
11. Goloshchyokin Filipp Isaevich - Jew
12. Zhdanov Andrei Andreevich - Russian
13. Zhukov Ivan Pavlovich - Russian
14. Zelenskii Isaak Abramovich - Jew
15. Kabakov Ivan Dmitrievich - Russian
16. Kaganovich Lazarʹ Moiseevich - Jew
17. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
18. Kviring Emmanuil Ionovich - German
19. Kirov ( Kostrikov ) Sergei Mironovich - Russian
20. Knorin Vilʹgelʹm Georgievich - Latvian
21. Kodatskii Ivan Fyodorovich - Ukrainian
22. Kolotilov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
23. Komarov Nikolai Pavlovich ( Sobinov Fyodor Evgenʹevich ) - Russian
24. Kosior Iosif Vikentʹevich - Polish
25. Kosior Stanislav Vikentʹevich - Polish
26. Krzhizhanovskii Gleb Maksimilianovich - Russian
27. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna - Russian
28. Kubyak Nikolai Afanasʹevich - Russian
29. Kuibishev Valerian Vladimirovich - Russian
30. Lebedʹ Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
31. Leonov Fyodor Grigorʹevich - Russian
32. Lobov Semyon Semyonovich - Russian
33. Lominadze Vissarion Vissarionovich - Georgian
34. Lomov ( Oppokov ) Georgii Ippolitovich - Russian
35. Lyubimov Isidor Evstigneevich - Russian
36. Manuilʹskii Dmitrii Zakharovich - Ukrainian
37. Menzhinskii Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich - Polish
38. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - Armenian
39. Molotov ( Skryabin ) Vyacheslav Mikhailovich - Russian
40. Moskvin Ivan Mikhailovich - Russian
41. Nosov Ivan Petrovich - Russian
42. Orakhelashvili Mamiya ( Ivan ) Dmitrievich - Georgian
43. Petrovskii Grigorii Ivanovich - Russian
44. Postishev Pavel Petrovich - Russian
45. Pyatakov Georgii ( Yurii ) Leonidovich - Russian
46. Pyatnitskii Iosif Aronovich ( Tarshis Iosif Oriolovich ) - Jew
47. Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich - Latvian
48. Rumyantsev Ivan Petrovich - Russian
49. Rukhimovich Moisei Lʹvovich - Jew
50. Rikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
51. Rindin Kuzʹma Vasilʹevich - Russian
52. Skripnik Nikolai Alekseevich - Ukrainian
53. Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
54. Stalin ( Dzhugashvili ) Iosif Vissarionovich - Osetian
55. Stetskii Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
56. Strievskii Konstantin Konstantinovich - Belorussian
57. Sulimov Daniil Egorovich - Russian
58. Sirtsov Sergei Ivanovich - Russian
59. Tolokontsev Aleksandr Fyodorovich - Russian
60. Tomskii ( Efremov ) Mikhail Pavlovich - Russian
61. Уkhanov Konstantin Vasilʹevich - Russian
62. Khataevich Mendelʹ Markovich - Jew
63. Tsikhon Anton Mikhailovich - Russian
64. Chubarʹ Vlas Yakovlevich - Ukrainian
65. Chuvirin Mikhail Evdokimovich - Russian
66. Chudov Mikhail Semyonovich - Russian
67. Shvarts Isaak Izrailevich - Jew
68. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - Russian
69. Sheboldaev Boris Petrovich - Russian
70. Eikhe Robert Indrikovich - Latvian
71. Yakovlev ( Epshtein ) Yakov Arkadʹevich - Jew
B) Central Committee, elected by the XVI-th assembly of the ACP(b) (All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks) on the 13.7.1930, candidates into membership:
1. Amosov Aleksei Mefodʹevich - Russian
2. Antselovich Naum Markovich - Jew
3. Afanasʹev Stepan Ivanovich - Russian
4. Baranov Pyotr Ionovich - Russian
5. Bergavinov Sergei Adamovich - Russian
6. Bryukhanov Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
7. Bulat Ivan Lazarevich - Ukrainian
8. Bulatov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich - Russian
9. Bulin Anton Stepanovich - Russian
10. Veinberg Gavriil Davidovich - Jew
11. Volkov Pyotr Yakovlevich - Russian
12. Voronova Pelageya Yakovlevna - Russian
13. Gei Konstantin Veniaminovich - Russian
14. Goloded Nikolai Matveevich - Russian
15. Gryadinskii Fyodor Pavlovich - Russian
16. Dogadov Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
17. Ivanov Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
18. Ikramov Akmalʹ - Uzbek
19. Isaev Уraz Dzhaizakovich - Kazakh (?)
20. Kalmanovich Moisei Iosifovich - Jew
21. Kaligina Anna Stepanovna - Russian
22. Kaminskii Grigorii Naumovich - Jew
23. Kartvelishvili Lavrentii Iosifovich - Georgian
24. Kakhiani Mikhail Ivanovich - Georgian
25. Kiselyov Aleksei Semyonovich - Russian
26. Klimenko Ivan Evdokimovich - Russian
27. Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich - Russian
28. Kosaryov Aleksandr Vasilʹevich - Russian
29. Krinitskii Aleksandr Ivanovich - Russian
30. Kuritsin Vasilii Ivanovich - Russian
31. Lozovskii A. ( Dridzo Solomon Abramovich ) - Jew
32. Mezhlauk Valerii Ivanovich - Latvian
33. Mirzoyan Levon Isaevich - Armenian
34. Mikhailov Vasilii Mikhailovich - Russian
35. Mikhailov-Ivanov Mikhail Silʹverstovich - Russian
36. Musabekov Gazanfar Makhmud ogli - Azerbaijani
37. Nikolaeva Klavdiya Ivanovna - Russian
38. Osinskii N. ( Obolenskii Valerian Valerianovich ) - Russian
39. Oshvintsev Mikhail Konstantinovich - Russian
40. Pakhomov Nikolai Ivanovich - Russian
41. Perepechko Ivan Nikolaevich - Ukrainian
42. Pozern Boris Pavlovich - unspecified
43. Polonskii Vladimir Ivanovich - Russian
44. Popov Nikolai Nikolaevich - Russian
45. Ptukha Vladimir Vasilʹevich - Russian
46. Rumyantsev Konstantin Andreevich - Russian
47. Savelʹev Maksimilian Aleksandrovich - Russian
48. Sedelʹnikov Aleksei Ivanovich - Russian
49. Semyonov Boris Aleksandrovich - Russian
50. Serebrovskii Aleksandr Pavlovich - Russian
51. Smorodin Pyotr Ivanovich - Russian
52. Sokolʹnikov Grigorii Yakovlevich ( Brilliant Girsh Yankelevich ) - Jew
53. Stroganov Vasilii Andreevich - Russian
54. Sukhomlin Kirill Vasilʹevich - Russian
55. Terekhov Roman Yakovlevich - Russian
56. Уborevich Ieronim Petrovich - Lithuanian
57. Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
58. Уrivaev Mikhail Egorovich ( Georgievich ) - Russian
59. Khloplyankin Mikhail Ivanovich - Russian
60. Tsarʹkov Fyodor Filatovich - Russian
61. Chaplin Nikolai Pavlovich - Russian
62. Chutskaev Sergei Egorovich - Russian
63. Shmidt Vasilii Vladimirovich - German
64. Eliava Shalva Zurabovich - Georgian
65. Yurkin Tikhon Aleksandrovich - Russian
66. Yagoda Genrikh Grigorʹevich ( Yeguda Enokh Gershonovich ) - Jew
67. Yakir Iona Emmanuilovich - Moldavian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 96 (70%), Jews - 16 (12%)
MEMBERSHIP OF THE FIRST SOVIET (i.e. Council) OF THE PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS
1. Chairman - Vladimir Ilʹich Уlʹyanov ( Lenin )(26.10.1917 - 21.01.1924) - Russian
2. People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs:
Aleksei Ivanovich Rikov (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
3. People's Commissariat for Agriculture:
Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Russian
4. People's Commissariat for Labor:
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (26.10.1917 - 8.10.1918) - Russian
5. People's Commissariat for Military and Navy Affairs (26.10. - 8.11.1917):
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko - Ukrainian
Pavel Efimovich Dibenko - Ukrainian
Nikolai Vasilʹevich Krilenko - Russian
6. People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry:
Viktor Pavlovich Nogin (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
7. People's Commissariat for Education:
Anatolii Vasilʹevich Lunacharskii (under real fathers name - Antonov (26.10.1917 - 12.09.1929) - Russian
8. People's Commissariat of Finance:
Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov (26.10.1917 - 20.01.1918) - Russian
9. People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs:
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(26.10.1917 - 8.04.1918) - Jew
10. People's Commissariat for Justice:
Georgii Ippolitovich Lomov-Oppokov (26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
11. People's Commissariat for Food Supplies:
Ivan Adolʹfovich Teodorovich (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Polish
12. People's Commissariat for Post and Telegraph:
Nikolai Pavlovich Glebov ( Avilov )(26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
13. People's Commissariat of Nationalities of RSFSR (1917-1923):
Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Stalin ) - Osetian
14. People's Commissariat of Railways (26.10.1917 - 24.02.1918):
Mark Timofeevich Elizarov (8.11.1917 - 7.01.1918) - Russian
15. People's Commissariat for Shelter (8.11.1917 - 20.03.1918):
Aleksandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (30.10.1917 - 17.03.1918) - Ukrainian
16. Supreme Soviet of the National Economy:
Valerian Valerianovich Osinskii ( Obolenskii )(1.12.1917 - 22.03.1918) - Russian
TOTAL: Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 15 (83%) , 1 Jew, 1 Polish, 1 Osetian.
SUPREME ORGANS OF STATE CONTROL (1917-1924)
I. Membership of the Soviet of the People's Commissars:
1. Chairman – Vladimir Ilʹich Уlʹyanov ( Lenin )(26.10.1917 - 21.01.1924) - Russian
2. People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs:
Aleksei Ivanovich Rikov (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
Grigorii Ivanovich Petrovskii (17.11.1917 - 25.03.1919) - Ukrainian
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (30.03.1919 - 6.07.1923) - Polish
Aleksandr Georgievich Beloborodov (7.07.1923 - 13.01.1928) - Russian
3. People's Commissariat for Agriculture:
Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Russian
Aleksandr Grigorʹevich Shlikhter (13.11. - 24.11.1917) - Russophied German (Father: 1/2 German, 1/2 Kazakh; Mother is from Ukrainian Nobility)
Andrei Lukich Kolegaev (25.11.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Russian
Semen Pafnutʹevich Sereda (3.04.1918 - 10.02.1921) - Ukrainian
Valerian Valerianovich Obolenskii ( Osinskii )(temp. 24.03.1921 - 18.01.1922) - Russian
Vasilii Grigorʹevich Yakovenko (18.01.1922 - 7.07.1923) - Russian
Aleksandr Petrovich Smirnov (7.07.1923 - 19.12.1928) - Russian
4. People's Commissariat for Labor:
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (26.10.1917 - 8.10.1918) - Russian
Vasilii Vladimirovich Shmidt (8.10.1918 - 29.11.1928) - Russophied German
5. A) People's Commissariat for Military and Navy Affairs (26.10. - 8.11.1917), Soviet of Military Commissars (8.11. - 26.11.1917):
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antonov-Ovseenko - Ukrainian
Pavel Efimovich Dibenko - Ukrainian
Nikolai Vasilʹevich Krilenko - Russian
B) People's Commissariat for Military and Navy Affairs (26.11.1917 - 20.06.1934):
Nikolai Ilʹich Podvoiskii (27.11.1917 - 14.03.1918) - Ukrainian
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(14.03.1918 - 26.01.1925) - Jew
C) People's Commissariat for Navy Affairs (22.02 - 17.12. 1918):
Pavel Efimovich Dibenko (22.02. - 15.03.1918) - Ukrainian
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(6.04. - 17.12.1918) - Jew
6. A)People's Commissariat for Trade and Industry:
Viktor Pavlovich Nogin (26.10. - 4.11.1917) - Russian
Aleksandr Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (i.o. 4.11.1917 - 26.03.1918) - Russian
Vasilii Mikhailovich Smirnov (i.o. 2 - 22.04.1918) - Russian
Mechislav Genrikovich Bronskii (i.o. 22.04. - 9.05.1918) - Polish
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (14.05.1918 - 12.06.1920) - Russian
On 12.06.1920 transformed into the People's Commissariat of External Trade.
B) People's Commissariat of External Trade (1920 - 91):
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (12.06.1920 - 18.11.1925) - Russian
C) Commission for Internal Trade under the Council of Labor and Defence (24.12.1922 - 9.05.1924), People's Commissariat of External Trade of USSR (9.05.1924 - 18.11.1925)
Andrei Matveevich Lezhava (24.12.1922 - 9.05.1924)(9.05. - 17.12.1924) - Georgian
Aron Lʹvovich Sheinman (17.12.1924 - 18.11.1925) - Jew
7. People's Commissariat for Education:
Anatolii Vasilʹevich Lunacharskii (under real fathers name - Antonov (26.10.1917 - 12.09.1929) - Russian
8. People's Commissariat of Finance:
Ivan Ivanovich Skvortsov-Stepanov (26.10.1917 - 20.01.1918) - Russian
Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii (20.01. - 28.03.1918) - Polish
Isidor Emmanuilovich Gukovskii (2.04. - 16.08.1918) - Jew (?)
Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinskii (16.08.1918 - 10.10.1922) - Ukrainian
Grigorii Yakovlevich Sokolʹnikov ( Brilliant )(10.10.1922 - 16.01.1926) - Jew
9. People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs:
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(26.10.1917 - 8.04.1918) - Jew
Georgii Vasilʹevich Chicherin (9.04.1918 - 25.07.1930) - Russian (mother from German Nobility)
10. People's Commissariat for Justice:
Georgii Ippolitovich Lomov-Oppokov (26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
Isaak Zakharovich Shteinberg (9.12.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Jew
Petr Ivanovich Stuchka (18.03. - 22.08.1918) - Russophied Latvian
Dmitrii Ivanovich Kurskii (22.08.1918 - 18.02.1928) - Russian
11. People's Commissariat for Food Supplies:
Ivan Adolʹfovich Teodorovich (26.10 - 4.11.1917) - Polish
Aleksandr Grigorʹevich Shlikhter (18.12.1917 - 24.02.1918) - Russophied German
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (25.02.1918 - 12.12.1921) - Ukrainian
Nikolai Pavlovich Bryukhanov (12.12.1921 - 9.05.1924) - Russian
12. People's Commissariat for Post and Telegraph:
Nikolai Pavlovich Glebov ( Avilov )(26.10 - 9.12.1917) - Russian
Prosh Perchevich Proshʹyan (9.12.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Armenian
Vadim Nikolaevich Podbelʹskii (11.04.1918 - 25.02.1920) - Russian
Artemii Moiseevich Lyubovich (24.03.1920 - 26.05.1921)(12.11.1927 - 14.01.1928) - Jew
Valerian Savelʹevich Dovgalevskii (26.05.1921 - 6.07.1923) - Russian
Ivan Nikitich Smirnov (6.07.1923 - 6.10.1927) - Russian
13. People's Commissariat of Nationalities of RSFSR (1917 - 23):
Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili ( Stalin ) - Osetian
14. A) People's Commissariat of Railways (26.10.1917 - 24.02.1918):
Mark Timofeevich Elizarov (8.11.1917 - 7.01.1918) - Russian
B) People's commissariat of Communications (24.02.1918 - 15.03.1946):
Aleksei Gavrilovich Rogov (24.02. - 9.05.1918) - Russian
Petr Alekseevich Kobozev (9.05. - 24.06.1918) - Russian
Vladimir Ivanovich Nevskii ( Krivobokov )(25.07.1918 - 15.03.1919) - Russian
Leonid Borisovich Krasin (30.03.1919 - 20.03.1920) - Russian
Lev Davidovich Trotskii ( Bronshtein )(20.03. - 10.12.1920) - Jew
Aleksandr Ivanovich Emshanov (10.12.1920 - 14.04.1921) - Russian
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (14.04.1921 - 2.02.1924) - Polish
Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak (2.02.1924 - 11.06.1930) - Latvian
15. A) People's Commissariat for Shelter (8.11.1917 - 20.03.1918):
Aleksandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (30.10.1917 - 17.03.1918) - Ukrainian (Finnish on her Mothers side)
B) People's Commissariat for Social Security (1918 - 1991):
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vinokurov (20.03.1918 - 30.06.1921) - Russian
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Milyutin (i.o. 14.04.1921 - 29.12.1924) - Russian
Vasilii Grigorʹevich Yakovenko (29.12.1924 - 2.10.1926) - Russian
16. People's Commissariat for State Property of RSFSR:
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Karelin (9.12.1917 - 16.03.1918) - Russian
Petr Petrovich Malinovskii (18.03. - 7.04.1918) - Russian
17. People's Commissariat for Local Self-Government of RSFSR:
Vladimir Efimovich Trutovskii (19.12.1917 - 12.06.1918) - Russian
18. A) People's Commissariat for State Control of RSFSR:
Karl Ivanovich Lander (9.05.1918 - 25.03.1919) - ? (Baltic German or Jew)
Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin ( Dzhugashvili )(30.03.1919 - 7.02.1920) - Osetian
B) People's Commissariat for Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of RSFSR (7.02.1920 - 34), since 6.07.1923 united with Central Control Committee of the ACP(B) into the Central Control Committee - Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate:
Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin ( Dzhugashvili )(24.02.1920 - 25.04.1922) - Osetian
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (25.04.1922 - 6.07.1923) - Ukrainian
Valerian Vladimirovich Kuibishev (6.07.1923 - 5.11.1926) - Russian
19. People's Commissariat for Health care:
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vinokurov (representative of the Soviet (Council) of Medical Collegiums 21.01. - 27.06.1918) - Russian
Nikolai Alekandrovich Semashko (11.07.1918 - 25.01.1930) - Russian
II. All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (VChK - Cheka)-State Political Directorate (GPУ - GPU)-United State Political Directorate (OGPУ - OGPU):
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (20.12.1917 - 6.07.1918)(22.08.1918 - 20.07.1926) - Polish
Yakov Khristoforovich Peters (i.o. 8.07. - 22.08.1918) - Latvian
III. Soviet Of Workers’–;Peasants’ Defense (Soviet of Labor and Defense since 1920):
Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin ( Уlʹyanov )(30.11.1918 - 21.01.1924, de facto until 12.12.1922) - Russian
IV. SUPREME SOVIET OF NATIONAL ECONOMY (1917 - 32):
Valerian Valerianovich Osinskii ( Obolenskii )(1.12.1917 - 22.03.1918) - Russian
Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin (temp. 23.03. - 3.04.1918) - Russian
Aleksei Ivanovich Rikov (3.04.1918 - 6.05.1921)(6.07.1923 - 1.02.1924) - Russian
Petr Alekseevich Bogdanov (8.05.1921 - 6.07.1923) - Russian
Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinskii (2.02.1924 - 20.07.1926) - Polish
V. A) Head Commissars of the Peoples Bank of RSFSR (12.11.1917 - 19.01.1920):
Valerian Valerianovich Obolenskii ( Osinskii )(31.10. - 3.12.1917) - Russian
Yurii Leonidovich Pyatakov (3.12.1917 - 4.06.1918)(3.06.1929 - 18.10.1930) - Russian
Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinskii (06.1918) - Ukrainian
Nikolai Vladimirovich Nikolaev (06.1918) - Russian
Yakov Stanislavovich Ganetskii ( Fyurstenberg )(07.1918 - 19.01.1920) - Polish
B) Chairmen of the State Bank of RSFSR (12.10.1921 - 6.07.1923):
Aron Lʹvovich Sheinman (13.10.1921 - 17.12.1924)(17.01.1926 - 2.06.1929) - Jew
Nikolai Gavrilovich Tumanov (17.12.1924 - 16.01.1926) - Russian
VI. State Planning Committee (1921 - 1991):
Gleb Maksimilianovich Krzhizhanovskii (23.02.1921 - 11.12.1923), (20.11.1925 - 10.11.1930) - Russian
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Tsyurupa (11.12.1923 - 18.11.1925) - Ukrainian
VII. Central Statistical Directorate:
Pavel Ilʹich Popov (25.07.1918 - 5.01.1926) - Russian
VIII. Supreme Soviet of Physical Culture under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee:
Konstantin Aleksandrovich Mekhonoshin (1923 - 26) - Russian
IX. Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union:
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Vinokurov (14.03.1924 - 17.08.1938) - Russian
X. Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union:
Petr Ananʹevich Krasikov (15.03.1924 - 20.06.1933) - Russian
TOTAL (from all 72 aforementioned statesmen): Russians (including Ukrainians and Belorussians) - 48 (67%), Jews - 8 (11%), Polish - 5 (7%), 3 Latvians, 2 Russophied Germans, 2 Armenians, 2 Georgians, 1 Osetian and 1 questionable.
INSTITUTIONS OF STATE SECURITY
Structure of the First All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (VChK - Cheka) on the 1.01.1918.
Chairman - Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
Members of the Cheka:
Averin Vasilii Kuzʹmich - Russian
Evseev Dmitrii Gavrilovich - Russian
Zhidelev Nikolai Andreevich - Russian
Ksenofontov Ivan Ksenofontovich - Russian
Menzhinskii Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich - Polish
Peters Yakov Khristoforovich - Latvian
Peterson Karl Andreevich - Latvian
Smirnov Aleksandr Petrovich - Russian
Trifonov Valentin Andreevich - Russian (from the Kazakhs)
Yakovlev K.A. - Russian
TOTAL: 7 Russians, 2 Polish, 2 Latvians.
Structure of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (VChK - Cheka) on the 1.01.1921:
Chairman - Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
Vice-Chairman - Ksenofontov Ivan Ksenofontovich - Russian
Chairmans Secretary - Gerson V.L. - Jew (?)
Special-Department with the Presidium of the Cheka - Belenʹkii Abram Yakovlevich - Jew
Investigation Department under the Presidium of the Cheka - Felʹdman Vladimir Dmitrievich - Russian (from Russophied Germans or Jews)
Management of Matters - Yagoda Genrikh ( Enokh ) Grigorievich ( Gershenovich ) - Jew
Communication Service - Sviderskii Stanislav Ieronimovich - (?)
Medical Unit of the Cheka - Stashevskii ( Girshfelʹd ) Artur Karlovich - Jew
Department of House Control of the Cheka - Pimanov P.M. - Russian
Administrative-Organizational Administration - Apeter Ivan Andreevich - (?)
Economic Control - Nikolai Vasilʹevich Krilenko - Russian
Secret-Operational Control - Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii - Polish
Registration-Statistical Control - Rotsen Yan Petrovich - (?)
Unique Division - Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii - Polish
Secret Division - Samsonov Timofei Petrovich - Russian
Special Division - Bokii Gleb Ivanovich - Ukrainian
Foreign Division - Davtyan Yakov Khristoforovich - Armenian
Transport Division - Blagonravov Georgii Ivanovich - Russian
Supply Department - Nikolaev Ivan Nikolaevich - Russian
Control Commission of Affair Management of the Cheka - Shpigelʹglas Sergei Mikhailovich - Jew
TOTAL: from 19 Russians - 8 (42%), Jews - 5(26%), 2 Polish, Armenian, 3 unspecified.
Structure of the State Political Directorate (GPU) under NKVD of RSFSR on the 1.01.1923
Chairman - Dzerzhinskii Feliks Edmundovich - Polish
Vice-Chairman - Уnshlikht Iosif Stanislavovich - Polish
Chairmans Secretary - Gerson V.L. - Jew (?)
Chief of the Secretariat of Board the GPU - Ezerskaya ( Volʹf ) Romana Davidovna - Jew
Special Division of the Board - Belenʹkii Abram Yakovlevich - Jew
Secret-Operational Control - Vyacheslav Rudolʹfovich Menzhinskii - Polish
- Secret Division - Samsonov Timofei Petrovich - Russian
- Counter-Intelligence Division - Artuzov ( Frauchi ) Artur Khristianovich - Swiss
- Unique Division - Yagoda Genrikh ( Enokh ) Grigorievich ( Gershenovich ) - Jew
- Transport Division - Blagonravov Georgii Ivanovich - Russian
- Foreign Division - Trilisser Mikhail Abramovich - Jew
- Eastern Division - Peters Yakov Khristoforovich - Latvian
- Operative Division - Surta Ivan Zakharovich - Belorussian
- Informational Division - V.F.Ashmarin - Russian
- Political Control Division - Etingof Boris Evgenʹevich - Jew
- Division of Central Registry - Shanin Aleksandr Mikhailovich - Russian
Special Division - Bokii Gleb Ivanovich - Ukrainian
Justice Division - Felʹdman Vladimir Dmitrievich - Russian
Economic Control - Z.B.Katsnelʹson - Jew
Administrative-Organizational Administration - I.A.Vorontsov - Russian
Staff of Troops of the GPU - N.A.Efimov - Russian
Supply Department - S.F.Sidorov - Russian
Courses of the GPU - Felʹdman Vladimir Dmitrievich - Russian
TOTAL(22): Russians - 10 (45%), Jews - 7(32%), 3 Polish, a Swiss and a Latvian.
National Make-Up of the Central Apparatus of the United State Political Directorate (OGPU) in the 1920s:
-October 1st, 1921, the membership of the Cheka was up to 49,991 people. The membership consisted from 38,648 Russians (77%), 4,563 jews (9%), 1,770 Latvians, 1,559 Ukrainians, 886 Polaks, 315 Germans, 186 Lithuanians, 152 Estonians, 104 Armenians. Other nationalities counted up to 1,808 people, which is but 3,6% of the total.
-Collegium of the Cheka consisted out of 13 people, 3 of them Russians ( M.S. Kedrov, I.K. Ksenofontov and V.N. Mantsev ), three jews ( S.A. Messing, N.S. Уnshlikht, G.G. Yagoda ), two Latvians ( M. Ya. Latsis, Ya. X. Peters ), two Polaks ( F.E. Dzerzhinskii, V.R. Menzhinskii ), one Ukrainian ( G.I. Bokii ), one Belorussian ( F.D. Medvedʹ ), one Armenian ( V.A. Avanesov ).
-The Middle and High management of the Central command of the OGPU on the 15.11.1923 consisted of: 54 Russians (57%), 15 Jews (16%), 12 Latvians, 10 Polaks, and 4 people of other nationalities.
-On the 1st of May 1924, 2,402 worked in the Central command. It consisted of Russians - 1,670 (70%), Latvians - 208 (9%), Jews - 204 (8%), Polaks - 90, Belorussians - 80, Ukrainians - 66.
-By Spring of 1937 the membership of local branches of state security (that means excluding central command) consisted of: 15,670 Russians – 65% , 3,489 Ukrainians and Belorussians – 14,6% , 1,776 Jews – 7,4% and others.
-In 1940 the membership of the central command of the NKVD consisted of: 3,073 Russians – 84%, 267 Ukrainians and Belorussians – 7,25%, 189 Jews – 5% and others.
Sources include Soviet and NKVD Archives in the possession of the Federal Security Service ( FSB - FSB ) of the Russian Federation and from the "Lubyanka. Institutions Cheka-OGPU-NKVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB. 1917-1991" reference book. Compiled by A.I.Kokurin (Kokurin) and N.V.Petrov (Petrov). International "Democracy" Fond, Moscow. Publishing by Yale University, USA. Publishing by \"Materik\" ("Continent"), Moscow. 2003.