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Admiral Swagmeister G-Funk
28th December 2012, 20:44
I'm currently writing an essay about collective violence and I've been asked to answer in relation to Charles Tilly's conception of it. For those who don't know, Charles Tilly is an American sociologist who conceptualized collective violence as an extension of contentious politics and based on claim-making social/political groups contending with other social/political groups (i.e. workers and bosses, workers and the state etc.).

To me, his project seems to be characterised mostly by arbitrary definitions and categories and an overall bias in favour of democratic societies (high capacity democratic regimes as he defines them). The examples he uses to illustrate his definitions mostly regard unstable political regimes (such as in India) and I'm applying his study to the London Riots of 2011 to illustrate that, contrary to Tilly's belief, democratic regimes can contain significant instances of collective violence etc and that many of Tilly's definitions are arbitrary in relation to certain examples of collective violence. Furthermore, democratic regimes can actually cultivate collective violence as opposed to being the ideal system to diminish the occurrence.

My question regards alternative theories of this kind of violence. The obvious go-to is Marxism, given the conception of violence as structural and beyond self-identifying social groups and actually inherent in class society. This alone isn't enough though. I'm going to look at Herbert Marcuse's work on violence (state violence and violent resistance, to paraphrase) and I'm also gonna look at Althusser's ISA and RSA for the purpose of understanding violence, the monopoly of violence and the 'monopoly of ideology' (I know he didn't call it that but I'm in a rush) and its role in justifying violence in modern democratic societies.

Can people suggest any other sociological works on collective violence that may be worth looking at? I think I may have enough to be getting on with in terms of how I'm gonna answer the question but it never hurts to look further.

blake 3:17
28th December 2012, 21:11
You might want to look at George Rude's writing on the crowd in history. Rude was part of the early English New Left (Thompson, Hobsbawm, etc) and did some very interesting and important work on the social composition of uprising, riots, etc. His considerably more empirical than the folks you're using.

Have you looked at Marcuse and Adorno's correspondence on the late 60s student movement? Marcuse was very sympathetic, whereas Adorno thought it proto-fascist.

Have you read Sartre's essay Masses, Spontaneity, Party? An abstract and link to a pdf is here: http://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5300#.UN4KzOQ0WSp

The Garbage Disposal Unit
28th December 2012, 23:32
FANON!

Fanon might be especially useful, because "high capacity democratic regimes" are able to maintain their liberal-democratic affluence on the basis of (neo-)colonial relationships.

Ravachol
28th December 2012, 23:59
Yeah I read Tilly's book and I found it lacking at various points.

It all really depends on the angle from which you wanna analyze 'collective violence' as its kind of a very broad phenomenon. If you wanna take a look at 'structural' (ie. systemic) violence you might wanna read up on Walter Benjamin and what he calls Gewalt. A text that uses this conception in relation to social 'counter-violence' is 'Make Total Destroy' by John Cunningham.

On the role of violence and its relation to the state (both in warding off the state and its formation) and social relations you might wanna consult Pierre Clastres' "Archeology of Violence" and "Society against the state".

From a statist (or counter-statist, depending on the lens through which you read it) perspective work by or inspired by Carl Schmitt is usually a good read, though I can't recommend any specific works.

blake 3:17
29th December 2012, 00:11
VMC is right. Fanon's Wretched of the Earth is the best but also the longest and is open to extremely varied interpretation. There's a good documentary on Fanon by Issac Julien. Not sure about it's availability: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0116357/

A horrifying little book on violence is Michael Taussig's
Law in a Lawless Land.

I forgot that the Socialist Register had done a whole anthology on violence: http://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/issue/view/446#.UN4zzOQ0WSo

The article I liked best from it, and most related to your topic was Revolutionaries, barbarians or war machines? Gangs in Nicaragua and South Africa link here: http://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/view/5905#.UN40p-Q0WSo

Rafiq
29th December 2012, 00:25
EDIT

I'm a moron, I put this in the wrong thread

Sinister Cultural Marxist
29th December 2012, 01:02
Yeah I'm going to add a third endorsement regarding Fanon. One can apply Fanon's theories to the current world, where American, British and French democratic capitalist republics, which are largely answerable to the majority of their own people, use force to impose certain beneficial policies that maintain the living standards in their countries. This explains the severe violence in Iraq after the American invasion better than theories which deny violence stemming from a democratic society. Also applicable are theories of how globalization and capitalism bring societies with different states together, giving one state the material incentive to use violence in the other. This can explain various American coups during the Cold War for instance.

Admiral Swagmeister G-Funk
29th December 2012, 01:07
Thanks guys, Fanon's stuff appears to be fantastic so far

Admiral Swagmeister G-Funk
1st January 2013, 13:55
sorry to bump this but does anyone know of a good marxian account of violence as being systemic? as in, violence being cultivated by class society itself, should such a document exist. if its available online that would be even better (wishful thinking)

Charles Marxley
2nd January 2013, 04:56
I would recommend Zizek's Violence. It's a short read, relatively coherent for a work of Zizek, and he develops definitions of Systemic, Objective, and Subjective violence.


Feel free to message me if you want a link to the pdf version.