Kodzoquo
27th November 2001, 20:29
CIRCASSIANS
The country which human lineage appeared 300,000 years ago; which is bewitched, unreachable, mystical, atlas coloured and the country dreams happinees and sadness are lived; Circassian clan's sacred ancestar homeland; from west to east, from north to south, thausand of years the dor of history which nations and civilizations have passed.
Coucasia is a region that different ethnic origined nations have sheltered together. When we go into details of the assertion which human lineage appeared in north-west Caucasia 300,000 years ago, it is seen that human race who springed up in Nort-West Caucasia has spreaded first to trans Caucasia, North-East and South-West . There is diagnosis and evidence which verify these assertions. But now many paleolitic setlement places are found along the Blacksea seasides in the lands of Krasnodar. It is understand that the people who settled there first were hunters and men who gathered nourihment.
To pass stockbreeding and agriculture From humanbeing's economical structure which is a nourishment gatherer to production economy many years passed. In his term although the production tools are made from store and bane, we know that there was a powerfull matriarchy nation system. Metal hasnt been known at the begining pof the procces of matriarchy nation system. Humanbeing who found metal hundred of years later, fºrst began to use copper and bronze but gold was used to product jewelery and four decorative purposes North-West Caucasia reached early metal period in the years of 3,000 bc. this turn coincided with the period tomb humps appeared in. Archologists classified the people who lived in this region in this term: like Rock tomb - Katakomp tomb nations and wooden tomb tribes. Another kind of classfying is made acoording to lands regions like Maykop (Myekuape) and Nourth Caucasia clans.
These tomb models have been exhibited in Krasnodar and aspecially in a museum in Maykop which is the capital city of Adygey Republic. In the maquette tombs, the situation when they are opened, the burying ways of dead, features of goods that was taken out from tomb are stated in a detailed form. Stockbreeding is generally these people is occupation. But it is understood that they reaped the soil as a supplement job.
Dolmen culture which appeared in Nort-West Caucasia's mountanious regions and Black sea seaside took its name from the unusual neolitic room tombs or rocktombs. Is tombs are in the same age with hole tombs which is near the Kuban river. The deads were buried there to holes which were close with lumber. Even thought these tombs were generally poorer then other anachronistic tombs with their goods, dead sometimes could be buried with four wheeled carts. There were afew metal good except for gold earrings in these tombs.
In 3000 B.C. Maykop culture occured and improved in the north sides of Kuban river. This culture caused Daghestan, Novorosissk and Taman to percive its effect. In the great term of this culture all metals were processed except for iron. In this term it is understood that lathed pot counter was used in to Maykop culture. this civilisation's features were like Near-East and Mesopotomia civilisation. There were researchers who said that Mesopotomia civilisation effected them so they found potters lathe. But that isnt realistic in Maykop culture deads were buried to tombs which were full of rich gold and silvers goods. Maykop tomb hill which gives its name to Maykop culture were different from other tomb hills.
4000 years ago, in the first half of 2000 B.C., first diagnosies of archaic North Caucasia culture historical and culturel values of Katakomp tomb tribe widened steppe. This culture had close relations with other North Caucasia tribes. So tribes were exiled to those regions. We see that these tribes buried their deads near the hole and covered them with soil. In that term many metal goods were found. Recent years tombs which were belong to wooden tomb culture and whose past reached over to 2000 B.C. were found. It is understood that cooper was got out and melted from bronze kinds of goods were made. The and of this term is witness of finding iron and a messenger of a new age.
Iron has been known since B.C. 8.th Century in North West Caucasia. According to Engels to make iron by melting iron gem started the term of iron sword plow iron and ax iron. In history iron which created revulution, which was last and the most important material began to service people in these terms. Iron provided to farm in wide lands and clean the forests for being suitable to farm. Iron gave human being tough and sharp tools which an another metals couldnt lean. Turning to farming tools of iron provided passing to nation that propped up stockbreeding and farming . So this became a messanger of a patriarchal nation system because this passing needs man power and man's respect increased. Stockbreeding became un importand by developing producer power and tools. Later the people who settled these areas started a new term that the plows were used. In this term Meot, Sind, Kerket, Zikhi, Pses, Hemioch, Zanig and other clans were the ancestors of Circassian started to complate their matterial and spiritual inpruvement from the beginning of this date.
Circassian clans didnt come from Sami lineage and didnt migrate from middle east to north. In any age of history no migration was seen from hot seas, hot climates to north, colder lands. In other words, there is no relation with Caucasus clans and Arabic nation or Sami lineage who were called "Kavmi Necip" with the effects of islam.
We became indepted to written monuments which were left by neighbours for we know the names of old north Caucasia nations tribes. These clans are Kimmer, Iskit, Sarmat, Tauri, Sind, Meot, Kerket, Zikhi, Henioch, Zanig, Pses, Psil, Kolchi. In 1.B.C. Meots and other North Caucasia tribes constituted North Caucasia population Meots were living east seasides of Azak sea and middle basins of Kuban river. Archaic Greeks to talk about the Meots for the first time in B.C. 6.th Century. Also in between 7-8, it is understood that they to give form the culture that reached over to bronze age from archaeologic diagnosises.
The word of Meot is a collective name that cocludes a lot of small tribes. Straba who is a old Greek geographer wrote that Meots include Sind, Dandari, Toriates, Ayres, Arrechec, Torpotes, Obicliakenes, Doskhi and other tribes Meot only in literature but also in store tablets in the Bosphor Kingdom lands Kuban basin's archaic tribe names have explanied. These names are Sind, Dandari, Toreatesi, Pses and Sarmat tribes. these tribes occupied the land between Don and Volga rivers(belong to Meot). We can see this tribe both north and south Kuban basin for there is no natural border between Don and Kuban and Sarmat are emigrant.
When these owners of Kuban steps are examined a contunious place chancing is seen. for example Iskit's left this steppe, passed Caucasia mountains and went to Trascaucasia, pillaged these areas. But at the beginning of 6 B.C. they returned to their old lands. In this areas there is no continious settlement of Iskits. So there are few work of art in the remnants which were found in this area.
Also, archaic Greek colonies resigned from taman peninsula with attacks and occupation of sinds 2500 years ago. Without no doubt phanugoria city state was the most developed one among the contemporary Greek colonies and Meots who lived east side of Azak. The settlement place of this city was near to today's Sennego town. The other Greek colonies are Cepi and Hermonacca. These colonies are in a freedom goverment statute. The historical improvement of these city states always caused to unite with Bosphor empire. This empire took the sides of slavery. The rulers had a politica of going down to east and south. As a result of this, the lands of Sind were occupied. Later, the other Meot clans include to the border of this empire. In the course of time all the tribe's culture joined with each other.
This kind of immigrations lasted long years for example, according to straban, Sirakises who were a Sarmat tribe, in 2.nd B.C. came to Kuban secretly and went down souh of Caucasia mountains. Sartma's lifestyle changed with the effects of Meots who knew great farming life and methods. Sirakises lived in tents and reaped the sail. This cultural changing caused to increased settled farming population in Caucasia. At the end of the 1. B.C. coming of Sarmat increased, but there is no change in cultural life. Sarmat widened with Meot culture, language and traditional lifestyle.
Meot was attacked by Alans' and exiled from their lands. Alans were in Sarmat origin. Alans difference from other tribes was to speak Persian. Alans came to east Kuban between I - II A.D. Alans who got on well with other tribes passed to Trascacucasia and Asia. In III. A.D. Alan and Sarmat clans united and constituted a Alan-Sarmat tribe unity native tribes who couldn't put up with Alan force, took refuge behind Meot tribes. So they settled to unfruitful soil for only security . These tribes settled forest-step areas,plain and grassy areas which were covered with swamps of Kuban River.
Alan-sarmat tribe unity didn't live long time. In 375 A.D. Hun, while going forward from Asia to west, left ruin, fire hungar and death behind them. So they caused Alan Sarmat tribe unity to be destroyed. After that, right side of Kuban began to be a settlement of emigrants Meots and their relatives, Zikhi, completed their ethnic stiffen and began to get strong in history scene being ancestors of Circassians.
The country which human lineage appeared 300,000 years ago; which is bewitched, unreachable, mystical, atlas coloured and the country dreams happinees and sadness are lived; Circassian clan's sacred ancestar homeland; from west to east, from north to south, thausand of years the dor of history which nations and civilizations have passed.
Coucasia is a region that different ethnic origined nations have sheltered together. When we go into details of the assertion which human lineage appeared in north-west Caucasia 300,000 years ago, it is seen that human race who springed up in Nort-West Caucasia has spreaded first to trans Caucasia, North-East and South-West . There is diagnosis and evidence which verify these assertions. But now many paleolitic setlement places are found along the Blacksea seasides in the lands of Krasnodar. It is understand that the people who settled there first were hunters and men who gathered nourihment.
To pass stockbreeding and agriculture From humanbeing's economical structure which is a nourishment gatherer to production economy many years passed. In his term although the production tools are made from store and bane, we know that there was a powerfull matriarchy nation system. Metal hasnt been known at the begining pof the procces of matriarchy nation system. Humanbeing who found metal hundred of years later, fºrst began to use copper and bronze but gold was used to product jewelery and four decorative purposes North-West Caucasia reached early metal period in the years of 3,000 bc. this turn coincided with the period tomb humps appeared in. Archologists classified the people who lived in this region in this term: like Rock tomb - Katakomp tomb nations and wooden tomb tribes. Another kind of classfying is made acoording to lands regions like Maykop (Myekuape) and Nourth Caucasia clans.
These tomb models have been exhibited in Krasnodar and aspecially in a museum in Maykop which is the capital city of Adygey Republic. In the maquette tombs, the situation when they are opened, the burying ways of dead, features of goods that was taken out from tomb are stated in a detailed form. Stockbreeding is generally these people is occupation. But it is understood that they reaped the soil as a supplement job.
Dolmen culture which appeared in Nort-West Caucasia's mountanious regions and Black sea seaside took its name from the unusual neolitic room tombs or rocktombs. Is tombs are in the same age with hole tombs which is near the Kuban river. The deads were buried there to holes which were close with lumber. Even thought these tombs were generally poorer then other anachronistic tombs with their goods, dead sometimes could be buried with four wheeled carts. There were afew metal good except for gold earrings in these tombs.
In 3000 B.C. Maykop culture occured and improved in the north sides of Kuban river. This culture caused Daghestan, Novorosissk and Taman to percive its effect. In the great term of this culture all metals were processed except for iron. In this term it is understood that lathed pot counter was used in to Maykop culture. this civilisation's features were like Near-East and Mesopotomia civilisation. There were researchers who said that Mesopotomia civilisation effected them so they found potters lathe. But that isnt realistic in Maykop culture deads were buried to tombs which were full of rich gold and silvers goods. Maykop tomb hill which gives its name to Maykop culture were different from other tomb hills.
4000 years ago, in the first half of 2000 B.C., first diagnosies of archaic North Caucasia culture historical and culturel values of Katakomp tomb tribe widened steppe. This culture had close relations with other North Caucasia tribes. So tribes were exiled to those regions. We see that these tribes buried their deads near the hole and covered them with soil. In that term many metal goods were found. Recent years tombs which were belong to wooden tomb culture and whose past reached over to 2000 B.C. were found. It is understood that cooper was got out and melted from bronze kinds of goods were made. The and of this term is witness of finding iron and a messenger of a new age.
Iron has been known since B.C. 8.th Century in North West Caucasia. According to Engels to make iron by melting iron gem started the term of iron sword plow iron and ax iron. In history iron which created revulution, which was last and the most important material began to service people in these terms. Iron provided to farm in wide lands and clean the forests for being suitable to farm. Iron gave human being tough and sharp tools which an another metals couldnt lean. Turning to farming tools of iron provided passing to nation that propped up stockbreeding and farming . So this became a messanger of a patriarchal nation system because this passing needs man power and man's respect increased. Stockbreeding became un importand by developing producer power and tools. Later the people who settled these areas started a new term that the plows were used. In this term Meot, Sind, Kerket, Zikhi, Pses, Hemioch, Zanig and other clans were the ancestors of Circassian started to complate their matterial and spiritual inpruvement from the beginning of this date.
Circassian clans didnt come from Sami lineage and didnt migrate from middle east to north. In any age of history no migration was seen from hot seas, hot climates to north, colder lands. In other words, there is no relation with Caucasus clans and Arabic nation or Sami lineage who were called "Kavmi Necip" with the effects of islam.
We became indepted to written monuments which were left by neighbours for we know the names of old north Caucasia nations tribes. These clans are Kimmer, Iskit, Sarmat, Tauri, Sind, Meot, Kerket, Zikhi, Henioch, Zanig, Pses, Psil, Kolchi. In 1.B.C. Meots and other North Caucasia tribes constituted North Caucasia population Meots were living east seasides of Azak sea and middle basins of Kuban river. Archaic Greeks to talk about the Meots for the first time in B.C. 6.th Century. Also in between 7-8, it is understood that they to give form the culture that reached over to bronze age from archaeologic diagnosises.
The word of Meot is a collective name that cocludes a lot of small tribes. Straba who is a old Greek geographer wrote that Meots include Sind, Dandari, Toriates, Ayres, Arrechec, Torpotes, Obicliakenes, Doskhi and other tribes Meot only in literature but also in store tablets in the Bosphor Kingdom lands Kuban basin's archaic tribe names have explanied. These names are Sind, Dandari, Toreatesi, Pses and Sarmat tribes. these tribes occupied the land between Don and Volga rivers(belong to Meot). We can see this tribe both north and south Kuban basin for there is no natural border between Don and Kuban and Sarmat are emigrant.
When these owners of Kuban steps are examined a contunious place chancing is seen. for example Iskit's left this steppe, passed Caucasia mountains and went to Trascaucasia, pillaged these areas. But at the beginning of 6 B.C. they returned to their old lands. In this areas there is no continious settlement of Iskits. So there are few work of art in the remnants which were found in this area.
Also, archaic Greek colonies resigned from taman peninsula with attacks and occupation of sinds 2500 years ago. Without no doubt phanugoria city state was the most developed one among the contemporary Greek colonies and Meots who lived east side of Azak. The settlement place of this city was near to today's Sennego town. The other Greek colonies are Cepi and Hermonacca. These colonies are in a freedom goverment statute. The historical improvement of these city states always caused to unite with Bosphor empire. This empire took the sides of slavery. The rulers had a politica of going down to east and south. As a result of this, the lands of Sind were occupied. Later, the other Meot clans include to the border of this empire. In the course of time all the tribe's culture joined with each other.
This kind of immigrations lasted long years for example, according to straban, Sirakises who were a Sarmat tribe, in 2.nd B.C. came to Kuban secretly and went down souh of Caucasia mountains. Sartma's lifestyle changed with the effects of Meots who knew great farming life and methods. Sirakises lived in tents and reaped the sail. This cultural changing caused to increased settled farming population in Caucasia. At the end of the 1. B.C. coming of Sarmat increased, but there is no change in cultural life. Sarmat widened with Meot culture, language and traditional lifestyle.
Meot was attacked by Alans' and exiled from their lands. Alans were in Sarmat origin. Alans difference from other tribes was to speak Persian. Alans came to east Kuban between I - II A.D. Alans who got on well with other tribes passed to Trascacucasia and Asia. In III. A.D. Alan and Sarmat clans united and constituted a Alan-Sarmat tribe unity native tribes who couldn't put up with Alan force, took refuge behind Meot tribes. So they settled to unfruitful soil for only security . These tribes settled forest-step areas,plain and grassy areas which were covered with swamps of Kuban River.
Alan-sarmat tribe unity didn't live long time. In 375 A.D. Hun, while going forward from Asia to west, left ruin, fire hungar and death behind them. So they caused Alan Sarmat tribe unity to be destroyed. After that, right side of Kuban began to be a settlement of emigrants Meots and their relatives, Zikhi, completed their ethnic stiffen and began to get strong in history scene being ancestors of Circassians.