Log in

View Full Version : The Problem with "International" Parties



ind_com
17th September 2012, 16:57
The Problem with "International" Parties (http://moufawad-paul.blogspot.in/2012/09/the-problem-with-international-parties.html)

Although Marx and Engels argued that the proletariat was an international class that did not have a specific country, Lenin and those who follow the Leninist development of marxism have generally understood that this fact of internationalism is also mediated by the fact that the proletariat cannot escape its entrenchment in particular nations. That is, while the proletariat as a whole should share the common and interest of uniting across national divisions and overthrowing world capitalism, this same proletariat is spread out amongst various social contexts, and thus has to deal with the concrete realities of how class struggle unfolds within these different contexts. Unfortunately, the history of revolution is rife with attempts to cling to an idealist understanding of the international proletariat that ignores the fact that the proletariat struggling in one nation might need to structure its class struggle in a way that manifests the universal similarities of revolution in different concrete particularities.

In the past few years I have become more and more annoyed by the tendency of certain organizations to base themselves on some abstract notion of internationalism and declare "international" parties that, due to the reality of differences between concrete contexts, end up being nothing more than a false internationalism generated by the concrete concerns of the nation that produced these international organizations in the first place. Take, for example, the Socialist Workers Party (SWP): based in Britain, it attempts to produce an International Socialist party that does little more than follow the directives of its UK headquarters even though these headquarters are incapable of understanding the class struggle elsewhere. Why? Because it's a bloody British party that lacks an organic connection with revolutionary movements outside of its primary country; it imposes directives possibly gleaned from its social context on other places in the name of internationalism and proletarian unity; it confuses the particular with the universal, the national with the international.

To be fair, my understanding of the SWP is primarily based on its anachronistic existence as an imported socialism that has little to do with actually existing class struggle in my social context. For all I know, it's a vital force in its country of origin and is simply (and erroneously) attempting to transpose this vitalness to contexts where it did not emerge organically. My point, then, is not about the SWP but about this tendency to treat global class struggle as homogenous, to confuse the universal fact of class struggle with its concrete and particular articulations, and to imagine that you can start a party in one country and then decide, for some idiotic reason, that it's global and that everyone should take directions from London, or New York, or wherever. This didn't really work when the Soviet Union tried it, and its reason for such an attempt was far more legitimate (because it was the first socialist revolution in the world) than the reasons given by these contemporary groups that have never led, or even come close to leading, an actual revolution. Nor did the Soviet Union confuse an international organization of parties with its own party.

But now, with the spread of internet leftism, there are innumerable grouplets that call themselves "international parties" whose international status is around forty people on the internet and whose party status is… doing what exactly? A reading group? Forty or fifty people talking online, none of whom are embedded in the class struggles of their concrete circumstances, do not constitute a party. And they're an insult to internationalism because they ignore the precisely what a robust internationalism deems necessary: the recognition of proletarian struggles in different national contexts. If you're all getting together online to define yourself as an international party outside of space and time, then you're ignoring the embedded fact of international struggle. Oh well! Screw history and what it means to build a fighting party in a specific context! We're going to build ourselves an online party that imagines it can be called a party when it has no understanding of how the universal fact of class struggle manifests within different social contexts and how the movements in these social contexts could give a fuck about our internet party!

The masses need revolution, revolutionaries need a party, and parties need an international organization. And just as the masses by themselves are not the same as a party, parties by themselves are not the same as an international… But still you have these organizations confusing the categories and setting themselves up as some bullshit international party even when they're only forty people living predominantly in Europe or upper North America who know shit about the class struggles in their own contexts. Even if they have under fifty people professing membership, they imagine that they are the masses, the party, and the international all in a single organization! If only revolutionary struggle could be so convenient.


http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UKrLoB4r1yM/UEGk38wx3lI/AAAAAAAAA2E/a1zKAx9N_x8/s1600/TheCommunistInternational.jpeg

Generally, with honourable exception, this kind of pseudo-internationalism possesses a eurocentric chauvinism. Started at the centres of capitalism, these organizations are most often dedicated to that corollary principle of the so-called "permanent revolution" that: a) the proletariat, being international, can only have a revolution altogether (hence the need for an international party); b) since the "most developed" proletariat are obviously at the centres of capitalism, the movements at the centres representing this developed proletariat are the most advanced; c) revolutionary movements at the peripheries, since they are not properly "proletarian", must hold the revolution in permanence until the contradictions of the capitalist mode of production are developed in their own specific context and thus follow the directives of the proletarian movements at the centre. What we have here, under the auspices of international parties, is a reflection of the imperialist ideology that the peripheries need to "catch up" with the centres even though the latter is only economically "advanced" because of its parasitical dependency on the former. Nor does there seem to be very much recognition that this imperialist relationship has always affected the workers movement, even though Lenin had a lot to say about this when he spoke of labour aristocracies.

Thus, these international parties violate internationalism in that they impose an analysis of a concrete national context upon an international context where they have no organic basis––where they are only an importation––and thus are unable to produce a viable social investigation of class in these spaces. Moreover, they often tend to echo the imperialist relationship of centre-periphery. And now, with the onslaught of internet activism [of which, admittedly, this blog is often guilty], you have the ludicrous emergence of parties who dare to call themselves revolutionary parties even though they're nothing more than forty or fifty people who meet on internet forums and believe that chatting, blogging, posting, commenting, etc. as a tiny internet group is somehow identical to class revolution.

The revolution would be better served if people went back to finding ways of building parties organically wedded to the class struggles of their concrete contexts, beginning within the borders of nations and then moving outwards to connect with international lines, rather than just aligning themselves with a party from another country that also imagines itself to be an international tendency when, in reality, it is a national tendency that attempts to impose itself internationally. For the only parties that have led successful revolutions have been those parties that have emerged from the class struggles of their particular contexts; this fact, more than anything else, should lead us to abandon this bizarre notion of international parties and return to the aforementioned formula: the masses need revolutions, revolutionaries need parties, and parties need an international.

http://moufawad-paul.blogspot.in/2012/09/the-problem-with-international-parties.html

Hit The North
17th September 2012, 17:41
Got some sort of bee in your bonnet.

Lev Bronsteinovich
17th September 2012, 18:16
While I think you would find no argument against the superiority of organically arising revolutionary parties in given countries with many of the comrades here, I think your analysis contains some major mistakes. Firstly in my experience with one of the larger (sadly) international tendencies, what they tried to do was find co-thinkers in foreign countries and fuse based on a common program. Comrades were not sent to foreign lands to do political work, unless there were some people there that were close enough politically to the organization to have some hopes for a principled fusion (this certainly did not always wind up to be successful).

As for your description of "permanent revolution" -- you aren't referring to Trotsky's theory, are you? Because his theory of PR does what you are talking about, it takes into account the current situation in a colonial or semi-colonial country -- and does not use the kind of faulty linear logic in the development of socialist revolution.

Now, I can understand being more than skeptical about all the 40 person internationals out there. I was not in favor of the International Spartacist Tendency declaring that they were becoming the International Communist League. Their forces were just too small -- and still are, for that matter. Of course they are larger than a number of others.

Also, "exceptionalism" is often a code word for opportunism (e.g., the US allows so many freedoms, that socialism will be introduced through elections). The CI was viewed as the single most important product of the Russian Revolution by Lenin and the leading Bolsheviks. There are also examples of comrades from foreign countries being able to have a clearer view of the comrades in a given country. A good example of this is the way the leadership in the Russian CP intervened strongly to get the nascent US section to be very involved with fighting for the rights of blacks -- against the reluctance and tradition of the left in the US up to that time. If you would like some cites on that let me know - I don't have them at hand right now.

Finally, if an international group is run properly, along Leninist lines, the approaches to different countries would be collaborative -- not just top down from somewhere. This is where a lot of the groups probably run aground. But the idea that everything must be organically developed from each country where there is class conflict is too costly. Costly in the sense that hard learned lessons about what not to do, how not to make a revolution, will be lost -- and the same mistakes will be repeated ad infinitum. The collected knowledge of the worker's movement must be shared and used, internationally.

ind_com
17th September 2012, 18:33
Since you seem to address your post to the person who wrote the article, it will be good if you follow the link at the top of the OP and post your comment on his blogspot page. That way everyone following the blog will be able to see it.

EDIT: I request the same of anyone leaving serious replies to the OP.

GiantMonkeyMan
17th September 2012, 18:43
Since you seem to address your post to the person who wrote the article, it will be good if you follow the link at the top of the OP and post your comment on his blogspot page. That way everyone following the blog will be able to see it.

EDIT: I request the same of anyone leaving serious replies to the OP.
Why post this if you're not going to defend this position?

ind_com
17th September 2012, 18:51
Why post this if you're not going to defend this position?

Because I think it is a good piece to read, regardless of whether I defend the author's position or not.

el_chavista
17th September 2012, 21:20
As for your description of "permanent revolution" -- you aren't referring to Trotsky's theory, are you?
I think he is... :lol:

Curiously enough, we have this kind of autoctonous Trotskyist Mariátegui who wrote half a century ago: "Certainly we do not want socialism in America to be a copy or imitation. It should be a heroic creation. We have to insuflate life to an Indo-American socialism reflecting our own reality and our own language"

Take a look at From Marx to Morales: Indigenous Socialism and the Latin Americanization of Marxism (http://kasamaproject.org/2009/12/04/is-marxism-eurocentric-a-view-from-latin-america/)

MarxSchmarx
18th September 2012, 05:13
I agree with the thrust of the author's critique - there are a lot of "international" groups that have maybe 5 people in South Korea, 1 in Namibia, 2 in Argentina and 20 in Denmark and call themselves "International" all the while having a nebulous understanding of all that proletarian internationalism entails.

But at the same time, the problem I think with the "need for an organic struggle" is that it is not clear where to draw the line. I agree places like Italy, Japan and India have enough of their local movements that something like this organic vision can be more or less realized within the national boundaries. However, international can also be a strange moniker, because some societies are so fundamentally alike that national boundaries are largley formalities - I think plausibly one could make this case for example for New Zealand and Australia or Qatar and Kuwait, for example. Or, perhaps more interestingly, I'd wager some movements based in Anglophone Canada would have an easier time expanding to the United States than Quebec, or a movement in Hong Kong spreading to Taiwan before the mainland. Even eastern India might find itself more susceptible to a movement from Bangladesh than say Delhi or the south. The point is that if there is a "home-grown" movement, it's application to another country may easily be no more significant than application to another region within the country of origin. That's why I always found the critique of the need for such a nationally focused group to be somewhat unpersuasive.

Thus the issue is whether the nation state is the natural level of analysis for what can be a truly organic, localized movement.

Die Neue Zeit
18th September 2012, 06:40
Notwithstanding my agreement with comrade MarxSchmarx above, but the original blog should have placed "parties" in quotes in addition to "international." These aren't real parties, but fan clubs of national organizations.

GiantMonkeyMan
18th September 2012, 23:08
I think the issue of 'international' parties essentially being fan clubs for a particular flavour of dogma is a valid critique. Saying you have members in Brazil and Nigeria doesn't preclude actually participating in any organising in either of these nation states, after all.

I could see the need for a transnational party in certain closely tied regions such as europe. With economic problems and the neoliberal 'solutions' offered attacking the working class in multiple countries within a somewhat politically unified organisation the only way to combat that would be a similarly unified political party working across borders. The situation in Ireland, Greece, Portugal, Croatia, Italy and Spain have a common origin, after all, and this could easily be a common origin for a party that transcends the national boundaries for common struggle.

Similarly with capitalism being a global phenomenon, I don't see why trade unions couldn't become a globally united front to defend workers' rights either (I know there are a couple that are organised on these lines but they aren't prominant). I would love to see gold miners in Honduras striking in solidarity with gold miners in South Africa, for example. I understand the need for localised struggle but exploitation is a universal facet of capitalism that unites the proletariat.

Die Neue Zeit
19th September 2012, 04:50
^^^ In the case of Europe, two options must be pursued simultaneously:

1) Consolidate and expand the GUE-NGL's organizational capacity (to go beyond just being the left's group in the EU Parliament);
2) A Communist Party of the European Union or something named differently but with the same goals.