Zealot
23rd October 2011, 12:53
These are quotations from Gaddafi's "Green Book" which I have listed here for anyone interested in a simplified explanation of the government he envisioned. The book is quite short, some of it is left-leaning and some of it is terribly reactionary. But if anyone has sources as to how this was or wasn't actually implemented please link ;)
PART ONE - THE INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT
Political struggle that results in the victory of a candidate with, for example, 51 per cent of the votes leads to a dictatorial governing body in the guise of a false democracy, since 49 per cent of the electorate is ruled by an instrument of government they did not vote for but which has been imposed upon them. Such is dictatorship.
PARLIAMENTS:
The mere existence of a parliament means the absence of the people. True democracy exists only through the direct participation of the people, and not through the activity of their representatives.
THE PARTY:
The party is not a democratic instrument because it is composed only of those people who have common interests…Democratically, none of these parties should govern a whole people who constitute a diversity of interests, ideas, temperaments, regions and beliefs.
CLASS:
Classes, like parties, sects or tribes, are groups of people within society who share common interests.
These eventually develop into political entities directed toward the realization of the goals of that group.
If a class, a party, a tribe, or a sect dominates a society, then the dominant system becomes a dictatorship.
Under genuine democracy, there can be no justification for any one class to subdue other classes for its interests.
Any class which inherits a society also inherits its characteristics. If the working class, for example, subdues all other classes of a particular society, it then becomes its only heir and forms its material and social base. The heir acquires the traits of those from whom it inherits…
PLEBISCITES:
Plebiscites are a fraud against democracy. Those who vote "no" should express their reasons and why they did not say "yes", and those who say "yes" should verify such agreement and why they did not vote "no".
The solution lies in… an instrument of government which is not a party class, sect or a tribe, but an instrument of government which is the people as a whole.
POPULAR CONFERENCES AND PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES:
Popular Conferences are the only means to achieve popular democracy.
No two intelligent people can dispute the fact that direct democracy is the ideal, but until now no practical method for its implementation has been devised. The Third Universal Theory, however, now provides us with a practical approach to direct democracy.
First, the people are divided into Basic Popular Conferences. Each Basic Popular Conference chooses its secretariat. The secretariats of all Popular Conferences together form Non-Basic Popular Conferences. Subsequently, the masses of the Basic Popular Conferences select administrative People's Committees to replace government administration. All public institutions are run by People's Committees which will be accountable to the Basic Popular Conferences which dictate the policy and supervise its execution.
Subjects dealt with by the Popular Conferences and People's Committees will eventually take their final shape in the General People's Congress, which brings together the Secretariats of the Popular Conferences and People's Committees. Resolutions of the General People's Congress, which meets annually or periodically, are passed on to the Popular Conferences and People's Committees, which undertake the execution of those resolutions through the responsible committees, which are, in turn, accountable to the Basic Popular Conferences.
THE LAW OF SOCIETY:
The natural law of any society is grounded in either tradition (custom) or religion. Any other attempt to draft law outside these two sources is invalid and illogical. Constitutions cannot be considered the law of society. A constitution is fundamentally a (man-made) positive law, and lacks the natural source from which it must derive its justification.
The human being is essentially, physically and emotionally, the same everywhere. Because of this fact, natural laws are applicable to all.
Unfortunately, people the world over are currently ruled by manmade laws that can be changed or abrogated, depending upon the struggle for power among competing forms of government.
Laws which are not premised on religion and tradition are merely an invention by man to be used against his fellow man.
WHO SUPERVISES THE CONDUCT OF SOCIETY?
Democratically, no one group can claim this right on behalf of society. Therefore, society alone supervises itself.
HOW CAN SOCIETY REDIRECT ITS COURSE WHEN DEVIATIONS FROM ITS LAWS OCCUR?
society's awareness of deviation from its laws is expressed only through violence to redirect its course, i.e., revolution… However, this unilateral approach is dictatorial because the revolutionary initiative in itself provides the opportunity for a new instrument of government representing the people to arise.
…if deviation takes place, it is then rectified by a total democratic revision, and not through the use of force.
THE PRESS:
An individual has the right to express himself or herself even if he or she behaves irrationally to demonstrate his or her insanity… Such expression reflects only in the individual's character. Likewise, corporate expression reflects only the interest or view of those making up the corporate body.
The press is a means of expression for society: it is not a means of expression for private individuals or corporate bodies. Therefore, logically and democratically, it should not belong to either one of them.
…individuals should not be permitted to own any public means of publication or information. However, they have the right to express themselves by any means…
The democratic press is that which is issued by a People's Committee, comprising all the groups of society.
PART TWO - THE ECONOMIC BASIS OF THE THIRD UNIVERSAL THEORY
Wage-earners are but slaves to the masters who hire them. They are temporary slaves, and their slavery lasts as long as they work for wages from employers…
The ultimate solution lies in abolishing the wage-system, emancipating people from its bondage and reverting to the natural laws…
... each must be awarded an equal share, regardless of the number of components in the process of production. If the components are two, each receives half of the production; if three, then one-third.
The producers are the workers; they are called producers because the terms "worker," "labourer," and "toiler" have become invalid… The working class is declining proportionately to the advancement of science and technology.
As a result of technical advancement, multitudes of unskilled toilers have been transformed into limited numbers of technicians, engineers and scientists. Consequently, trade unions will subsequently disappear and be replaced by syndicates of engineers and technicians. Scientific advancement is an irreversible gain for humankind. Thanks to this process, illiteracy will be eliminated and unskilled workers will become a temporary phenomenon destined to gradual disappearance.
NEED:
The freedom of a human being is lacking if his or her needs are controlled by others, for need may lead to the enslavement of one person by another.
HOUSING:
Housing is an essential need for both the individual and the family and should not be owned by others.
No one has the right to acquire a house additional to his or her own dwelling and that of his or her heirs for the purpose of renting it because this additional house is, in fact, a need of someone else.
INCOME:
In a socialist society, it should not be in the form of wages from any source or charity from any one… One's income is a private matter and should either be managed privately to meet one's needs or be a share from a production process…
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION:
Transportation is also a necessity both to the individual and to the family. It should not be owned by others. In a socialist society, no person or authority has the right to own a means of transportation for the purpose of renting it, for this also means controlling the needs of others.
LAND:
Land is the private property of none. Rather, everyone has the right to beneficially utilize it by working, farming or pasturing as long as he and his heirs live on it - to satisfy their needs, but without employing others with or without a wage.
Thus, the citizen in this new society secures his material needs either through self- employment, or by being a partner in a collectively-owned establishment, or by rendering public service to society which, in return, provides for his material needs.
If economic activity is allowed to extend beyond the satisfaction of needs, some will acquire more than required for their needs while others will be deprived.
Any surplus beyond the satisfaction of needs should ultimately belong to all members of society.
Disparity in the wealth of individuals in the new socialist society is not tolerated, save for those rendering certain services to the society for which they are accorded an amount congruent with their services.
The new socialist society will introduce the natural solution - privately- owned property to satisfy one's needs without exploitation, and collective property in which the producers are partners replacing private enterprise…
The final step is for the new socialist society to reach a stage in which profit and money disappear.
DOMESTIC SERVANTS:
Domestic servants, paid or unpaid, are a type of slave.
Since the new socialist society is based on partnership and not on a wage system, natural socialist rules do not apply to domestic servants because they render services rather than production.
The struggle to liberate domestic servants from their status of slavery and to transform them into partners, where their material production can be divided into its necessary basic components, is an inevitable process. Households should be serviced by their habitants. Essential household services should not be performed by domestic servants, paid or unpaid, but by employees who can be promoted in rendering their services and can enjoy social and material benefits as any other public employee would.
PART THREE - THE SOCIAL BASIS OF THE THIRD UNIVERSAL THEORY
Indeed, just as the community is the basis for the survival of all groups within the animal kingdom, so nationalism is the basis for the survival of nations.
The factor of unity in any group is a social factor; in man's case, nationalism.
The religious factor may divide the national group or unite groups with different nationalisms; however, the social factor will eventually triumph.
A sound rule is that each nation should have a religion. For it to be otherwise is abnormal… When the social factor is compatible with the religious factor, harmony prevails…
Marriage is a process that can positively or negatively influence the social factor. Though, on a natural basis of freedom, both man and woman are free to accept whom they want and reject whom they do not want…
THE FAMILY
To the individual, the family is more important than the state… The human race has neither relations nor anything else to do with the state, which is an artificial political, economic, and sometimes military, system.
The flourishing society is that in which the individual grows naturally within the family and the family within society.
THE TRIBE
A tribe is a family which has grown as a result of procreation. It follows that a tribe is an enlarged family. Similarly, a nation is a tribe which has grown through procreation. The nation, then, is an enlarged tribe. The world is a nation which has been diversified into various nations. The world, then, is an enlarged nation… The essence of humanity is that of nation, the essence of nation is that of the tribe, and the essence of the tribe is that of family.
THE MERITS OF THE TRIBE
Since the tribe is a large family, it provides its members with much the same material benefits and social advantages that the family provides for its members, for the tribe is a secondary family… members continually feel that they are under its supervision. In view of these considerations, the tribe forms a behaviour pattern for its members, developing into a social education which is better and more noble than any school education.
With the passage of time, the differences between the factors of blood and affiliation disappear, leaving the tribe as one social and physical unit, though it remains fundamentally a unit of blood in origin.
THE NATION
Tribalism damages nationalism because tribal allegiance weakens national loyalty and flourishes at its expense. In the same way, loyalty to the family flourishes at the expense of tribal loyalty and weakens it. National loyalty is essential to the nation but, at the same time, it is a threat to humanity.
National fanaticism expressed in the use of force against weak nations, or national progress which is at the expense of other nations, is evil and harmful to humanity.
But why does the map of the world keep changing from one age to the next? The reason is that political structures may, or may not, be consistent with social structures.
A political structure is corrupted if it becomes subservient to the sectarian social structure of the family, tribe, or sect and adopts its characteristics.
WOMAN
It is an undisputed fact that both man and woman are human beings. It follows, as a self- evident fact, that woman and man are equal as human beings.
There must be a natural necessity for the existence of man and woman, rather than man only or woman only. It follows that neither of them is exactly like the other, and the fact that a natural difference exists between men and women is proved by the created existence of men and women. This necessarily means that there is a role for each one of them corresponding to the difference between them.
Sending a child to a nursery in place of its mother is coercive and oppressive and against its free and natural tendencies.
Motherhood is the female's function, not the male's. Consequently, it is unnatural to separate children from their mothers.
There is no difference between men and women in all that concerns humanity. None of them should marry the other against his or her will, or divorce without a just trial or mutual agreement.
The woman is the owner of the house because it is one of the suitable and necessary conditions for a woman who menstruates, conceives, and cares for her children.
In view of his different nature and in line with the laws of nature, the male has played the role of the strong and striving not by design, but simply because he is created that way.
Driving woman to do man's work is a flagrant aggression against the femininity with which she is naturally provided and which defines a natural purpose essential to life.
Work should be provided by the society to all able members who need work - men and women on the condition that individuals work in their own fields and not be coerced into carrying out unsuitable work.
Freedom means that every human being gets proper education which qualifies him or her for the work which suits him or her.
MINORITIES
It is now clear that such a minority has its own social rights. Any encroachment on these rights by any majority is an act of injustice. Social characteristics are inherent and cannot be given or taken away. The political and economic problems of minorities can only be solved within a society controlled by the masses in whose hands power, wealth and arms should be placed.
BLACK PEOPLE WILL PREVAIL IN THE WORLD
The latest age of slavery has been the enslavement of Blacks by White people. The memory of this age will persist in the thinking of Black people until they have vindicated themselves.
This tragic and historic event… constitute a psychological motivation of Black people to vengeance and triumph that cannot be disregarded.
EDUCATION
Education, or learning, is not necessarily that routinized curriculum and those classified subjects in textbooks which youths are forced to learn during specified hours while sitting in rows of desks… State-controlled education, which governments boast of whenever they are able to force it on their youths, is a method of suppressing freedom.
society should provide all types of education, giving people the chance to choose freely any subjects they wish to learn. This requires a sufficient number of schools for all types of education… Knowledge is a natural right of every human being of which no one has the right to deprive him or her under any pretext…
MUSIC AND ART
Mankind is still backward because humans do not communicate in one inherited common language. It is only a matter of time before mankind, achieves that goal, unless civilization should relapse.
SPORT, HORSEMANSHlP AND THE STAGE
Sport is like praying, eating, and the feelings of coolness and warmth. It is unlikely that crowds will enter a restaurant just to look at a person or a group of people eat… It is equally illogical for the society to allow an individual or a team to monopolize sports while the society as a whole pays the costs of such a monopoly for the exclusive benefit of one person or team.
When the masses march and play sport in the centre of playing fields and open spaces, stadiums will be vacant and become redundant. This will take place when the masses become aware of the fact; that sport is a public activity which must be practised rather than watched.
Human sacrifice and pistol duels were familiar practices in previous stages of human evolution. However, those savage practices came to an end years ago. People now laugh at themselves and regret such acts. This will be the fate of boxing and wrestling after tens or hundreds of years.
PART ONE - THE INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT
Political struggle that results in the victory of a candidate with, for example, 51 per cent of the votes leads to a dictatorial governing body in the guise of a false democracy, since 49 per cent of the electorate is ruled by an instrument of government they did not vote for but which has been imposed upon them. Such is dictatorship.
PARLIAMENTS:
The mere existence of a parliament means the absence of the people. True democracy exists only through the direct participation of the people, and not through the activity of their representatives.
THE PARTY:
The party is not a democratic instrument because it is composed only of those people who have common interests…Democratically, none of these parties should govern a whole people who constitute a diversity of interests, ideas, temperaments, regions and beliefs.
CLASS:
Classes, like parties, sects or tribes, are groups of people within society who share common interests.
These eventually develop into political entities directed toward the realization of the goals of that group.
If a class, a party, a tribe, or a sect dominates a society, then the dominant system becomes a dictatorship.
Under genuine democracy, there can be no justification for any one class to subdue other classes for its interests.
Any class which inherits a society also inherits its characteristics. If the working class, for example, subdues all other classes of a particular society, it then becomes its only heir and forms its material and social base. The heir acquires the traits of those from whom it inherits…
PLEBISCITES:
Plebiscites are a fraud against democracy. Those who vote "no" should express their reasons and why they did not say "yes", and those who say "yes" should verify such agreement and why they did not vote "no".
The solution lies in… an instrument of government which is not a party class, sect or a tribe, but an instrument of government which is the people as a whole.
POPULAR CONFERENCES AND PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES:
Popular Conferences are the only means to achieve popular democracy.
No two intelligent people can dispute the fact that direct democracy is the ideal, but until now no practical method for its implementation has been devised. The Third Universal Theory, however, now provides us with a practical approach to direct democracy.
First, the people are divided into Basic Popular Conferences. Each Basic Popular Conference chooses its secretariat. The secretariats of all Popular Conferences together form Non-Basic Popular Conferences. Subsequently, the masses of the Basic Popular Conferences select administrative People's Committees to replace government administration. All public institutions are run by People's Committees which will be accountable to the Basic Popular Conferences which dictate the policy and supervise its execution.
Subjects dealt with by the Popular Conferences and People's Committees will eventually take their final shape in the General People's Congress, which brings together the Secretariats of the Popular Conferences and People's Committees. Resolutions of the General People's Congress, which meets annually or periodically, are passed on to the Popular Conferences and People's Committees, which undertake the execution of those resolutions through the responsible committees, which are, in turn, accountable to the Basic Popular Conferences.
THE LAW OF SOCIETY:
The natural law of any society is grounded in either tradition (custom) or religion. Any other attempt to draft law outside these two sources is invalid and illogical. Constitutions cannot be considered the law of society. A constitution is fundamentally a (man-made) positive law, and lacks the natural source from which it must derive its justification.
The human being is essentially, physically and emotionally, the same everywhere. Because of this fact, natural laws are applicable to all.
Unfortunately, people the world over are currently ruled by manmade laws that can be changed or abrogated, depending upon the struggle for power among competing forms of government.
Laws which are not premised on religion and tradition are merely an invention by man to be used against his fellow man.
WHO SUPERVISES THE CONDUCT OF SOCIETY?
Democratically, no one group can claim this right on behalf of society. Therefore, society alone supervises itself.
HOW CAN SOCIETY REDIRECT ITS COURSE WHEN DEVIATIONS FROM ITS LAWS OCCUR?
society's awareness of deviation from its laws is expressed only through violence to redirect its course, i.e., revolution… However, this unilateral approach is dictatorial because the revolutionary initiative in itself provides the opportunity for a new instrument of government representing the people to arise.
…if deviation takes place, it is then rectified by a total democratic revision, and not through the use of force.
THE PRESS:
An individual has the right to express himself or herself even if he or she behaves irrationally to demonstrate his or her insanity… Such expression reflects only in the individual's character. Likewise, corporate expression reflects only the interest or view of those making up the corporate body.
The press is a means of expression for society: it is not a means of expression for private individuals or corporate bodies. Therefore, logically and democratically, it should not belong to either one of them.
…individuals should not be permitted to own any public means of publication or information. However, they have the right to express themselves by any means…
The democratic press is that which is issued by a People's Committee, comprising all the groups of society.
PART TWO - THE ECONOMIC BASIS OF THE THIRD UNIVERSAL THEORY
Wage-earners are but slaves to the masters who hire them. They are temporary slaves, and their slavery lasts as long as they work for wages from employers…
The ultimate solution lies in abolishing the wage-system, emancipating people from its bondage and reverting to the natural laws…
... each must be awarded an equal share, regardless of the number of components in the process of production. If the components are two, each receives half of the production; if three, then one-third.
The producers are the workers; they are called producers because the terms "worker," "labourer," and "toiler" have become invalid… The working class is declining proportionately to the advancement of science and technology.
As a result of technical advancement, multitudes of unskilled toilers have been transformed into limited numbers of technicians, engineers and scientists. Consequently, trade unions will subsequently disappear and be replaced by syndicates of engineers and technicians. Scientific advancement is an irreversible gain for humankind. Thanks to this process, illiteracy will be eliminated and unskilled workers will become a temporary phenomenon destined to gradual disappearance.
NEED:
The freedom of a human being is lacking if his or her needs are controlled by others, for need may lead to the enslavement of one person by another.
HOUSING:
Housing is an essential need for both the individual and the family and should not be owned by others.
No one has the right to acquire a house additional to his or her own dwelling and that of his or her heirs for the purpose of renting it because this additional house is, in fact, a need of someone else.
INCOME:
In a socialist society, it should not be in the form of wages from any source or charity from any one… One's income is a private matter and should either be managed privately to meet one's needs or be a share from a production process…
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION:
Transportation is also a necessity both to the individual and to the family. It should not be owned by others. In a socialist society, no person or authority has the right to own a means of transportation for the purpose of renting it, for this also means controlling the needs of others.
LAND:
Land is the private property of none. Rather, everyone has the right to beneficially utilize it by working, farming or pasturing as long as he and his heirs live on it - to satisfy their needs, but without employing others with or without a wage.
Thus, the citizen in this new society secures his material needs either through self- employment, or by being a partner in a collectively-owned establishment, or by rendering public service to society which, in return, provides for his material needs.
If economic activity is allowed to extend beyond the satisfaction of needs, some will acquire more than required for their needs while others will be deprived.
Any surplus beyond the satisfaction of needs should ultimately belong to all members of society.
Disparity in the wealth of individuals in the new socialist society is not tolerated, save for those rendering certain services to the society for which they are accorded an amount congruent with their services.
The new socialist society will introduce the natural solution - privately- owned property to satisfy one's needs without exploitation, and collective property in which the producers are partners replacing private enterprise…
The final step is for the new socialist society to reach a stage in which profit and money disappear.
DOMESTIC SERVANTS:
Domestic servants, paid or unpaid, are a type of slave.
Since the new socialist society is based on partnership and not on a wage system, natural socialist rules do not apply to domestic servants because they render services rather than production.
The struggle to liberate domestic servants from their status of slavery and to transform them into partners, where their material production can be divided into its necessary basic components, is an inevitable process. Households should be serviced by their habitants. Essential household services should not be performed by domestic servants, paid or unpaid, but by employees who can be promoted in rendering their services and can enjoy social and material benefits as any other public employee would.
PART THREE - THE SOCIAL BASIS OF THE THIRD UNIVERSAL THEORY
Indeed, just as the community is the basis for the survival of all groups within the animal kingdom, so nationalism is the basis for the survival of nations.
The factor of unity in any group is a social factor; in man's case, nationalism.
The religious factor may divide the national group or unite groups with different nationalisms; however, the social factor will eventually triumph.
A sound rule is that each nation should have a religion. For it to be otherwise is abnormal… When the social factor is compatible with the religious factor, harmony prevails…
Marriage is a process that can positively or negatively influence the social factor. Though, on a natural basis of freedom, both man and woman are free to accept whom they want and reject whom they do not want…
THE FAMILY
To the individual, the family is more important than the state… The human race has neither relations nor anything else to do with the state, which is an artificial political, economic, and sometimes military, system.
The flourishing society is that in which the individual grows naturally within the family and the family within society.
THE TRIBE
A tribe is a family which has grown as a result of procreation. It follows that a tribe is an enlarged family. Similarly, a nation is a tribe which has grown through procreation. The nation, then, is an enlarged tribe. The world is a nation which has been diversified into various nations. The world, then, is an enlarged nation… The essence of humanity is that of nation, the essence of nation is that of the tribe, and the essence of the tribe is that of family.
THE MERITS OF THE TRIBE
Since the tribe is a large family, it provides its members with much the same material benefits and social advantages that the family provides for its members, for the tribe is a secondary family… members continually feel that they are under its supervision. In view of these considerations, the tribe forms a behaviour pattern for its members, developing into a social education which is better and more noble than any school education.
With the passage of time, the differences between the factors of blood and affiliation disappear, leaving the tribe as one social and physical unit, though it remains fundamentally a unit of blood in origin.
THE NATION
Tribalism damages nationalism because tribal allegiance weakens national loyalty and flourishes at its expense. In the same way, loyalty to the family flourishes at the expense of tribal loyalty and weakens it. National loyalty is essential to the nation but, at the same time, it is a threat to humanity.
National fanaticism expressed in the use of force against weak nations, or national progress which is at the expense of other nations, is evil and harmful to humanity.
But why does the map of the world keep changing from one age to the next? The reason is that political structures may, or may not, be consistent with social structures.
A political structure is corrupted if it becomes subservient to the sectarian social structure of the family, tribe, or sect and adopts its characteristics.
WOMAN
It is an undisputed fact that both man and woman are human beings. It follows, as a self- evident fact, that woman and man are equal as human beings.
There must be a natural necessity for the existence of man and woman, rather than man only or woman only. It follows that neither of them is exactly like the other, and the fact that a natural difference exists between men and women is proved by the created existence of men and women. This necessarily means that there is a role for each one of them corresponding to the difference between them.
Sending a child to a nursery in place of its mother is coercive and oppressive and against its free and natural tendencies.
Motherhood is the female's function, not the male's. Consequently, it is unnatural to separate children from their mothers.
There is no difference between men and women in all that concerns humanity. None of them should marry the other against his or her will, or divorce without a just trial or mutual agreement.
The woman is the owner of the house because it is one of the suitable and necessary conditions for a woman who menstruates, conceives, and cares for her children.
In view of his different nature and in line with the laws of nature, the male has played the role of the strong and striving not by design, but simply because he is created that way.
Driving woman to do man's work is a flagrant aggression against the femininity with which she is naturally provided and which defines a natural purpose essential to life.
Work should be provided by the society to all able members who need work - men and women on the condition that individuals work in their own fields and not be coerced into carrying out unsuitable work.
Freedom means that every human being gets proper education which qualifies him or her for the work which suits him or her.
MINORITIES
It is now clear that such a minority has its own social rights. Any encroachment on these rights by any majority is an act of injustice. Social characteristics are inherent and cannot be given or taken away. The political and economic problems of minorities can only be solved within a society controlled by the masses in whose hands power, wealth and arms should be placed.
BLACK PEOPLE WILL PREVAIL IN THE WORLD
The latest age of slavery has been the enslavement of Blacks by White people. The memory of this age will persist in the thinking of Black people until they have vindicated themselves.
This tragic and historic event… constitute a psychological motivation of Black people to vengeance and triumph that cannot be disregarded.
EDUCATION
Education, or learning, is not necessarily that routinized curriculum and those classified subjects in textbooks which youths are forced to learn during specified hours while sitting in rows of desks… State-controlled education, which governments boast of whenever they are able to force it on their youths, is a method of suppressing freedom.
society should provide all types of education, giving people the chance to choose freely any subjects they wish to learn. This requires a sufficient number of schools for all types of education… Knowledge is a natural right of every human being of which no one has the right to deprive him or her under any pretext…
MUSIC AND ART
Mankind is still backward because humans do not communicate in one inherited common language. It is only a matter of time before mankind, achieves that goal, unless civilization should relapse.
SPORT, HORSEMANSHlP AND THE STAGE
Sport is like praying, eating, and the feelings of coolness and warmth. It is unlikely that crowds will enter a restaurant just to look at a person or a group of people eat… It is equally illogical for the society to allow an individual or a team to monopolize sports while the society as a whole pays the costs of such a monopoly for the exclusive benefit of one person or team.
When the masses march and play sport in the centre of playing fields and open spaces, stadiums will be vacant and become redundant. This will take place when the masses become aware of the fact; that sport is a public activity which must be practised rather than watched.
Human sacrifice and pistol duels were familiar practices in previous stages of human evolution. However, those savage practices came to an end years ago. People now laugh at themselves and regret such acts. This will be the fate of boxing and wrestling after tens or hundreds of years.