Log in

View Full Version : Anarchists applaud the market



sc4r
21st October 2003, 12:52
What better informed Anarchists say about the market – see section I.1.3.

http://www.infoshop.org/faq/secI1.html#seci13

I found this link interesting because it is so obviously less opposed to the idea of a market on a priori grounds and explains the objections it does has in terms which make it clear what the objection actually is. This makes it possible to explain why even those objections don’t apply to every market.

1) The whole article makes it abundantly and explicitly clear that there is a significant difference between the Capitalist Market and the general concept. It makes it explicit that the ‘wage slavery’ objection only applies to the Capitalist market.

2) But the analysis does throughout assume that production agents in any market must be driven by competition for increased profit. This is not so. Not necessarily anyway.

3) The unstated assumption is that a more profitable concern will derive benefit from being more profitable. But this does not have to be the case. In the type of market society I have been describing profit* is not even given (a more accurate word might be credited) to the concern itself. It is societies profit. For society to use as it sees fit.

In fact profit (or loss) within such a society has no tangible form. Its just information.

4) This type of market society uses the knowledge of where profit arises only so that it can modify its production facilities bringing them more in line with true demand (where there is large profit in a market then by definition demand is disproportionate to supply and cost).

5) This resolves the question of externalities the article refers to. As it is not the individual concern, but society, that decides where to invest resources; externalities are recognised in the type of production facilities that are built. An individual concern churning out products with a high net use value only because they failed to incorporate all externalised costs might (left to itself) well choose to invest in doing yet more of the same. But in Market socialism the market is not allowed such unfettered expression through self centred corporate decisions. Such concerns can be forced to internalise costs (in fact no forcing is needed because it is society that does the accounting anyway).

6) All of which seems to leave only two (weak) objections left outstanding, both are connected to the idea that That markets create competition.

More accurately perhaps that they do not discourage it. This is true. Anyone who completely rejects the value of competition in any mode of expression might well utterly reject the market. Personally I’d say such people are living in dreamland. Certainly none ought to respond since in doing so they’d be competing with me J

All that really matters is whether a market creates unhealthy competition. Which in this context I would say means competition which tends to dehumanise labour, or create significant inequality amongst people.

The latter objection can be dismissed out of hand since there is nothing implicit in the mechanism of market that says that differential ability to compete in the market must be granted. You could quite easily set the buying power of every individual at the same fixed level every week or every month or every day.
In fact a market such as I describe actually serves to decrease inequality amongst people in what really matters. Namely their own personal evaluation of how much value they are receiving. All other models I have seen increase, at best, conformity not subjective equality. For me this would be a vastly inferior situation. I do not want to have the same ration of both fags and Marmite as everyone else because I don’t actually like marmite much. I’d happily trade my ration for more fags. And of course there are others who will feel exactly the opposite. A market allows us both to do this and simultaneously equalise and maximise our ration of subjective value.

The former objection is more difficult to dispose of because it is actually very much less clear what it really means or whether there is an acceptable limit. I’d say not many reject the idea that some degree of undesired work would need to be done in any advanced society. By definition there is a degree of dehumanising inherent in such things. And equally it is clear that productivity gain can often be achieved by dehumanising labour in a factory environment (for example). The question is how much is acceptable. And the answer really is that in a non-authoritarian socialist market society (such as I propose) it is the workers themselves that decide. They are not (remember) reliant on productivity for their living; it does not affect it. So they can take a view on whether or not a given degree of ‘dehumanisation’ is acceptable to them as a price for gaining the pride in being part of a concern that churns out great value.

Yes , this is a basically anarchist idea. Don’t bother to tell me that. I know. I have always insisted that many of my views had strong affiliations with anarchy. And I have borrowed from it extensively (something my detractors seem totally unaware of). In fact I could almost call my ideas ‘Market Anarchism’ without any significant loss of appropriateness in the name.

Conclusions :

There is no genuine objection based on ‘wage slavery’ to the idea of a market as opposed to a ‘capitalist market’. The two are not synonymous.

The remaining objections actually only really apply to a market in which concerns compete for profit and can use/trade that profit. A market society does not have to function like that.

That markets do have great informational power is disputed by no-one educated in the subject.

And information is absolutely key to running any large scale society.

Since they confer great benefits with absolutely no significant objections that cannot be managed there is no doubt whatsoever that to create a society that rejected them would be a grave mistake.

[color=red]I would go further and say that it is flat out impossible to create a large scale society capable of sustaining itself, and producing anything approaching the value as we have come to expect, which does not base a good deal of its economic functioning on a market.[color=black]



*Profit here means the surplus of market value paid after deducting full labour value, including an allowance for the labour value required to maintain production tools)

redstar2000
22nd October 2003, 00:12
Thus it is entirely possible for a market to exist within a society and for that society not to be capitalist. For example, a society of independent artisans and peasants selling their product on the market would not be capitalist as workers would own and control their means of production and so wage labour (and so capitalism) would not exist.

Infoshop, Section I.1.3, "What is Wrong With Markets Anyway?"

This is wrong because 1. No society like this emerged at a time when the means of production would have permitted its existence; 2. It ignores the fact that successful peasants and artisans would soon hire wage-labor (which is what actually happened during the rise of capitalism); and 3. It ignores the fact that in order for a "high-tech" society to exist, the co-ordinated efforts of very large numbers of workers are required...rendering the hypothetical market society of artisans and peasants as...purely hypothetical.

It has the same basis in reality as the neo-classical economist's conception of a multitude of competing businessmen producing for consumers with perfect information on both sides...that is, zero.

It would have been better if the FAQ had said that markets existed in pre-capitalist societies but were not the dominant form of economic activity...and then continued on to recognize that the presence of a market is a clear sign of pre-capitalist or capitalist economic relations.

Of course, if they said this, they'd have to trash Proudhon...and, understandably, they are reluctant to do that.


The important thing to realise is that co-operatives will decide what to do with their output, whether to exchange it or to distribute it freely.

I.1.4

Yes, that will certainly be the case immediately after the proletarian revolution...but not for long.

Co-operatives which persist in the notion of commodity circulation and wage-labor are likely to be sternly criticized within a few years and even totally boycotted or...militarily suppressed.

Is that "Stalinist"???

Well, here's the "deal". If we're going to have a communist society--no money, no markets, "to each according to her need", "free development of all", etc.--then we simply cannot permit exploitation to take place indefinitely.

And don't think that wouldn't happen, either. "Anarchists" can become, under the right conditions, exploiters of wage labor. Not because of inner villainy or anything like that; because operating within the context of a market creates capitalist consciousness.

In bourgeois society, it is forbidden to "sell yourself" into chattel slavery (though some kinds of "personal service" contracts come close).

In communist society, the "freedom" to sell your labor power to an exploiter will be forbidden...even if you "want" to do it.

"Market-ism" always turns out to mean, sooner or later, capitalism. Therefore, it must be abolished.

And quickly!

http://anarchist-action.org/forums/images/smiles/redstar.gif

The RedStar2000 Papers (http://www.anarchist-action.org/marxists/redstar2000/)
A site about communist ideas

sc4r
22nd October 2003, 00:33
"No society like this [a society of independent artisans and peasants selling their product on the market] emerged at a time when the means of production would have permitted its existence;" has nothing to do with anything that was being said. They did not say that such a society existed, or had existed, only that it in principle it could.

"It ignores the fact that successful peasants and artisans would soon hire wage-labor" No it does not, it implictly asumes that that they might not (perhaps because they had the same ideological zeal and self restraint your ideas demand they have) or perhaps more germainly makes no comment about what it would turn into since it is talking only about what it would be before that happened.

"It ignores the fact that in order for a "high-tech" society to exist, the co-ordinated efforts of very large numbers of workers are required...rendering the hypothetical market society of artisans and peasants as...purely hypothetical." errr yes Captain Obvious, it is talking hypothetically. What made you think otherwise? Do you wish to ban such talk? It would kinda render your hypothetical ideas about a revolution in several hundred years time unprintable. Are you going to stop publishing them?

It would have been better for you, perhaps, if they had said 'markets existed in pre-capitalist societies but were not the dominant form of economic activity...and then continued on to recognize that the presence of a market is a clear sign of pre-capitalist or capitalist economic relations.' But I rather think they were attempting to make their own point, not yours, so they did not.

And don't think that wouldn't happen, either. "Anarchists" can become, under the right conditions, exploiters of wage labor. Not because of inner villainy or anything like that; because operating within the context of a market creates capitalist consciousness

Strange comment RS. Did you actually read the FAQ? They are not advocating a market at all, I am. It's nice of you to warn them against allowing something they have no intention of allowing anyway.

In communist society, the "freedom" to sell your labor power to an exploiter will be forbidden...even if you "want" to do it.

"Market-ism" always turns out to mean, sooner or later, capitalism. Therefore, it must be abolished.

A typically absolute (although very wrong) conclusion. Unfortunately not one that had anything to do with the preceding arguments. A market does not imply that labour must be tradable on the market; and if it were that in itself does not neccessarily constitute Capitalism anyway (it depends on who /what can trade).

Morpheus
22nd October 2003, 02:53
The anarchist version of market socialism is called mutualism. You can read more about mutualism at http://www.mutualist.net/ They make a very good arguement that capitalism originally developed because of state intervention, not "market forces." If you go to the anarchist forums at http://flag.blackened.net you'll find several advocates of this form of anarchism (or variants of it). Joseph Proudhon was one of the most famous mutualist thinkers, you can read some of his writings at http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archi...ProudhonCW.html (http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/proudhon/ProudhonCW.html) Benjamin Tucker also advocated a similar system, you can read some of his writings at http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/...ker/tucker.html (http://flag.blackened.net/daver/anarchism/tucker/tucker.html)