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View Full Version : "Independent judiciary": what use for workers?



Die Neue Zeit
3rd July 2011, 20:36
"The inner secret of the capitalist state form is not ‘bourgeois democracy’. Rather, it has three elements: 1. the ‘rule of law’ - ie, the judicial power; 2. the deficit financing of the state through organised financial markets; and 3. the fact that capital rules, not through a single state, but through an international state system, of which each national state is merely a part." (Mike Macnair)



The immediate context of this discussion is how Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez deals with judges that obstruct legislation, decrees, etc. Historically, though, what use have workers had for an "independent judiciary"?

Before continuing, this wiki should be noted to explain that component of "independent judiciary" which is problematic:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_court


A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether or not laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether or not they conflict with constitutionally established rights and freedoms.

The list in this article is of countries that have a separate constitutional court. Many countries do not have separate constitutional courts, but instead delegate constitutional judicial authority to their supreme court. Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts"; for example, some have called the Supreme Court of the United States "the world's oldest constitutional court" because it was the first court in the world to invalidate a law as unconstitutional (Marbury v. Madison), even though it is not a separate constitutional court. Austria established the world's first separate constitutional court, conceptualised by Hans Kelsen, in 1920 (though it was suspended, along with the constitution that created it, from 1934 to 1945[citation needed]); before that, only the U.S. and Australia had adopted the concept of judicial review through their supreme courts.

It is the consensus that independence of judges is necessary in cases of criminal law and civil law in general. Nobody wants a criminal, litigation, or arbitration case to be "politicized" by the influence of the executive.

However, an "independent judiciary" prevented FDR from passing more radical New Deal reforms, and in the early years of the United States itself it was the President himself who decided upon the constitutionality of passed legislation.

What's wrong with full executive power over deciding which legislation, decrees, etc. are constitutional and which aren't, up to and including "packing" and "sacking" the apparatus re. personnel accountable to the executive for this very purpose?

¿Que?
3rd July 2011, 21:06
Interesting you posting this on the heels of Chomsky's criticism of Chavez and the imprisonment of Afiuni after Cedeño's release. But was Chavez wrong to do this? We can make the issue about human rights, the independence of the judiciary and limiting the power of the executive. Then it would seem Chomsky's position make sense. But what about Cedeño. He was released on bail by Afiuni, and promptly fled the country to the US, making it impossible for him to stand trial.

What I've read about the trial, however, complicates things even more. Prosecutors were not showing up to court possibly as a result of lack of evidence. Perhaps Cedeño is innocent?

I doubt it, but the point here is to somewhat elucidates on some of the historical circumstances that might be of relevance to anyone attempting to answer the OP's question.

Short Answer: I don't Know.

RadioRaheem84
3rd July 2011, 21:54
It's probably pure corruption that the judge let out the banker so that he could flee and not stand trial. Chavez is dealing with a corrupt judicial system that was obviously tilted in favor of the rich, like any capitalist country. What Chavez does should be carefully watched but leftists should understand the conditions he faces.

Jose Gracchus
3rd July 2011, 22:18
Aside: Where's that Macnair quote come from, and where on the Weekly Worker did he discuss the attempts of the bourgeoisie to find the form of political rule that would suit it (culminating in the Dutch republic and "rule of law republicanism")?

Die Neue Zeit
3rd July 2011, 22:45
It's probably pure corruption that the judge let out the banker so that he could flee and not stand trial. Chavez is dealing with a corrupt judicial system that was obviously tilted in favor of the rich, like any capitalist country. What Chavez does should be carefully watched but leftists should understand the conditions he faces.

That doesn't address the bigger point I raised above.


Aside: Where's that Macnair quote come from, and where on the Weekly Worker did he discuss the attempts of the bourgeoisie to find the form of political rule that would suit it (culminating in the Dutch republic and "rule of law republicanism")?

I quoted Revolutionary Strategy, again itself an edited collection of past Weekly Worker articles.

Psy
4th July 2011, 00:50
The problem is the judicial system is a bureaucratic institution designed to maintain the status-quo. They are not upholders of justice but simply a tool of the state yet in the case of Venezuela one not one in the hands of ruling party.

jake williams
4th July 2011, 01:31
The idea of the "independent judiciary" is a core concept of modern bourgeois politics, and in particular, modern bourgeois anti-democracy. The essence of the "independent judiciary" is that of a "neutral, objective, non-political" - ie., the "centrist" bourgeoisie as such - entity which can prevent both democratic, working class challenges to bourgeois power, but also, importantly, challenges to the control of the state by the bourgeoisie as a whole.

Thus the exceptionally rare occurences where the bourgeois "independent judiciary" is of any use to the working class whatsoever are those cases where a case can be made that some reactionary faction of the bourgeoisie is undermining "progressive" characteristics of the "centrist" bourgeois state. So if some fascist government in Europe tries to put all the Jews in concentration camps again, or more likely, all the Muslims, it might well be possible to push the "centrist" bourgeoisie to quash such a proposal - a proposal which would be harmful both to the working class, and arguably, to the bourgeoisie as a whole.

But such occurences, occurences both where this is going on, and where it's possible for the working class to push the centrist bourgeoisie to take some position, are of course exceptionally rare, and extremely difficult.

Thus I think in general the independent judiciary is of almost no use to the working class, and by and large forms a major reactionary institution fighting on behalf of the bourgeoisie against democratic, working class power. It's only on the rare occasions where reactionary movements threaten bourgeois rule that such institutions might potentially be useful. In most places in the world, including many former colonies and even present "neo-colonies", the central axis of struggle is not at all by the bourgeoisie against ultra-reactionary forces but instead between the bourgeoisie and progressive, working class forces, centrally the organized, industrial proletariat. The "independent judiciary" is almost uniquely a consistent and articulate political actor in defence solely of the bourgeoisie as such.