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Hebrew Hammer
7th June 2011, 07:15
I would like to talk about the peasentry and their revolutionary potential and or their place in a Socialist revolution. To start off, Marx said the following in his Conspectus of Bakunin's Statism and Anarchy:

"i.e. where the peasant exists in the mass as private proprietor, where he even forms a more or less considerable majority, as in all states of the west European continent, where he has not disappeared and been replaced by the agricultural wage-labourer, as in England, the following cases apply: either he hinders each workers' revolution, makes a wreck of it, as he has formerly done in France, or the proletariat (for the peasant proprietor does not belong to the proletariat, and even where his condition is proletarian, he believes himself not to) must as government take measures through which the peasant finds his condition immediately improved, so as to win him for the revolution; measures which will at least provide the possibility of easing the transition from private ownership of land to collective ownership, so that the peasant arrives at this of his own accord, from economic reasons. It must not hit the peasant over the head, as it would e.g. by proclaiming the abolition of the right of inheritance or the abolition of his property. The latter is only possible where the capitalist tenant farmer has forced out the peasants, and where the true cultivator is just as good a proletarian, a wage-labourer, as is the town worker, and so has immediately, not just indirectly, the very same interests as him. Still less should small-holding property be strengthened, by the enlargement of the peasant allotment simply through peasant annexation of the larger estates, as in Bakunin's revolutionary campaign."

This was in Response to Bakunin saying:

"e.g. the krestyanskaya chern, the common peasant folk, the peasant mob, which as is well known does not enjoy the goodwill of the Marxists, and which, being as it is at the lowest level of culture, will apparently be governed by the urban factory proletariat."

I understand that the orthodox Marxist and ML position is (from my understanding) that the peasantry are not a revolutionary class due to the fact that they own land and are tide to this and thus their class interests do not match up with those of Socialism thus it the urban proletariat that is the sole revolutionary class which can smash capital and establish Socialism and the countries peasantry must be directed by them during this phase. In most developed Western countries, I don't think there is currently any peasantry but more, perhaps, rural proletarian farmers. But in most third world countries their still remains the peasant class. My question is, given the experinces of the peasantry in the Chinese revolution and the concept of New Democracy, why can the peasantry not be considered a revolutionary class? Can we not skip capitalism and go from a feudalisitic society to a Socialist society? Also, as previously stated, the main aim of this thread is to discuss this specific class and their role in Socialist revolution.

graymouser
7th June 2011, 11:52
Taking the last question first, that is somewhat similar to Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution - although he emphasized that the revolution must take on both the tasks of the bourgeois and the socialist revolutions, at once. I would advise you to read some of what he wrote on the subject.

As far as problems with the role of the peasantry, aside from the fact that their relationship to land makes their objective interests different from those of the proletariat, there are physical and logistical problems. The peasantry is very difficult to organize, because of their physical distance. One of the objective factors making the proletariat revolutionary is the grouping of many workers into cities and into huge factories. And for the growing season, the peasantry is always unavailable - making them a difficult revolutionary subject at best.

Dumb
7th June 2011, 13:34
It's worth pointing out that this issue of the peasantry is growing increasingly irrelevant in the West - capitalism appears to have "solved" that problem for us by pushing the peasant off the farm and into the factory.

Ocean Seal
7th June 2011, 20:32
My question is, given the experinces of the peasantry in the Chinese revolution and the concept of New Democracy, why can the peasantry not be considered a revolutionary class? Can we not skip capitalism and go from a feudalisitic society to a Socialist society? Also, as previously stated, the main aim of this thread is to discuss this specific class and their role in Socialist revolution.
The peasantry must definitely be considered a revolutionary class especially in all places where they constitute a large majority. The problem with not considering them a revolutionary class is that we assume that capitalism can develop even with imperialism. That is often not the case. Capitalism cannot run its course with imperialism and the fact that capitalism has become so stunted in the majority of the world means that we must take a revolutionary step forward, and as Jose Carlos Mariategui said we must do what the capitalists will not. The development of a nation can occur under socialism without a free market capitalism.

The peasantry by nature often suffer the same worries that do the working class. The workers believe that they will lose their job or that their fixed wage will not be able to cover the rising costs of their bills. The peasants worry that their semi-fixed production will not be able to cover the rising costs to run their production, or that they will lose their lands to parasitic feudal elites. In any case they're both screwed and in almost every revolution peasants have taken a revolutionary position. Russia, China, Vietnam, Laos, and so on. And even today in Nepal and India the peasantry take an important role. The question is, will the left adhere to ideology or will it re-examine material conditions and achieve socialism. The world changes and we cannot be right 100% of the time, there is always time for adjustments.