Taxation Arguments, especially in the USA

[the last donut of the night]

Ok, so all American socialists have at some point argued with some right-winger over taxes; right-winger complains it's unfair that rich people are taxed more, argument ensues and so on. However, I have noticed my knowledge of the American tax code (and thus ways to retaliate in such arguments, where points can get technical) is lacking. Can people explain to me, for example, how tax cuts directly hurt the poor, maybe give some statistics, or how certain subsidies do?

Thanks.

[Victus Mortuum]

Ok, so all American socialists have at some point argued with some right-winger over taxes; right-winger complains it's unfair that rich people are taxed more, argument ensues and so on. However, I have noticed my knowledge of the American tax code (and thus ways to retaliate in such arguments, where points can get technical) is lacking. Can people explain to me, for example, how tax cuts directly hurt the poor, maybe give some statistics, or how certain subsidies do?

Thanks.

If taxes on the wealthy go down, either:

1) Taxes on everyone else go up
2) Inflation is used to draw value from everyone else's pockets to artificially tax them
3) Programs that help everyone else begin to get cut
4) Unproductive, or dangerous programs are cut (war, for example)

All of these but the 4th (which would never get a spending cut) necessarily are hurting the poor/regular people.