Chittagong Armoury Raid Case, Indian Freedom Movement

[t.shonku]

Chittagong Armoury Raid Case, Indian Freedom Movement
This now-illustrious raid was carried in the dead of the night, and had shaken the Britons from the root.





http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/6/ChittagongSurya_15273.jpgThe Chittagong Armoury Raid Case was still another startling and most daring revolutionary endeavour by the youth. The well-devised raid was conducted on 18th April 1930, with Surya Sen, a committed revolutionary, as the leader of the group. At about 10.00 p.m. about a hundred youths clad in Khaki, marched in military order in several groups in chorus. One of their batches raided the telephone exchange and telegraph office and cut off all communications connecting the town with Calcutta and Dacca. The second one severed rail connections at Nangalkot and Dham, which resulted in the derailment of some goods trains and the resultant blockading of all railway traffic. The third one raided the premises of the club, but failing to find any of the officials there, joined the main group. At the same time, leaflets were distributed all over the town explaining the object of the raid. These were signed by Surya Sen as the president of the `Indian Republican Army, Chittagong branch`.

The vehicle carrying Ananta Singh and Ganesh Ghosh were followed by the vehicle carrying Surya Sen. The revolutionaries were able to seize the armouries and a gigantic amount of arms and ammunition. Every task was carried out according to the plan and Surya Sen was given a guard of honour. Kalpana Dutt, herself a great revolutionary and a member of this group of revolutionaries, has given the detailed account of the Chittagong Armoury Raid Case in her book, Chittagong Armoury Raiders. Major Forrel was killed and despite their position of inconvenience, the revolutionaries were able to throw back the government forces. The government acquired reinforcements in Chittagong on 20th April 1930. They opened the attack again on 22nd April 1930. After causalities on both sides, the revolutionaries dispersed during the night and continued the guerrilla fights in different localities.

Apart from the minor clashes, another major confrontation occurred on 6th May when Debi Prasad Gupta, Manoranjan Sen, Rajat Sen, Swadesh Roy, Phanindra Nandi and Subodh Chaudhary came out with the intention of attacking the European quarters along the riverbank. But the plan backfired and four of them were killed while the other two, Subodh and Phani were wounded and arrested. Large-scale arrests were made. The revolutionaries were booked in a criminal case known as `Chittagong Armoury Raid Case`. In July 1930, prosecution was launched against thirty-two revolutionaries. A Special Tribunal was appointed and the chief charge against them was `waging war against the King Emperor`. Judgement was delivered on 1st March 1932. Thirteen of them were sentenced to expatriation for life, short-term imprisonments were awarded to Nandulal Singh and Anilbandhu Das, and sixteen were acquitted. But the revolutionaries continued their attacks and those who were arrested were given unkind punishments in sham trials.

Surya Sen was arrested in February 1933, while Kalpana Dutt and Tarakeshwar Dastidar were captured on 19th May 1933. In June 1933, a supplementary Armoury Raid Case was put up for trial in which Surya Sen and Tarakeshwar Dastidar were sentenced to death, while Kalpana Dutt was sentenced to transportation for life vide judgement dated 14th August 1933.

Surya Sen kissed the gallows on the night of 12th January 1934 in Chittagong jail, with his last message of "ideal and unity" and "a golden dream...a dream of free India", wishing his comrades the strength to fight for freedom and ending his forceful epistle with the slogan of `Vande Mataram` and reminding the nation never to forget the eastern revolution of Jalalabad, Julda, Chandan Nagar and Dhal Ghat waged on 18th April 1930. Ganesh Ghose, Haripad Bhattacharya, Faqir Chandra Sen Gupta, Himangshu Bhowmik, Kali Kinker Dey, Lai Mohan Sen, Phanindra Lai Nandi, Randhir Das Gupta, Sahay Ram Das, Subodh Kumar Choudhari, Subodh Roy, Sudhir Ranjan Choudhari, Kalipada Chakravarty and Sukhdendu Dastidar were deported to the Andamans, in concern with the Chittagong Armoury Raid Case.

The Chittagong group was undisputedly recognised as the best and the most successful group that Bengal`s revolutionaries had ever organised.






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http://www.indianetzone.com/31/chittagong_armoury_raid_case_indian_freedom_moveme nt.htm


Here you will be able to study some more articles regarding armed struggle in India during the British Raj

[t.shonku]

Surya Sen, Mastarda (1894-1934) a revolutionary terrorist, was the leader of the Chittagong branch of the jugantar party (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/J_0130.HTM) and the principal organiser of the famous Chittagong Armoury Raid of 1930. A resident of Noapara under Chittagong, he was initiated into revolutionary terrorist ideas in 1916 by one of his teachers while he was a student of BA Class in the Behrampore College. On his return to Chittagong in 1918, he became the President of the Chittagong branch of the indian national congress (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/I_0047.HTM), revived the terrorist organisation and became a teacher of the local National School. Hence, he was known as Mastarda (teacher brother).
By 1923 Surya Sen established a number of terrorist organisations (Jugantar) in different parts of Chittagong district. Aware of the limited equipment and other resources of the terrorists, he was convinced of the need for secret guerilla warfare against the colonial government. One of his early successful undertakings was a broad day robbery at the treasury office of the Assam-Bengal Railway at Chittagong. His subsequent major success in the anti-British revolutionary violence was the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930.
As a fugitive, Surya Sen was hiding at the house of Sabitri Devi, a widow, near Patiya. A police and military force under Captain Cameron surrounded the house on 13 June 1932.Cameron was shot dead while ascending the staircase and Surya Sen along with pritilata waddedar (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/W_0001.HTM) and kalpana datta (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/D_0059.HTM) escaped to safety.

http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/Images/SuryaSenMastarda.jpg

Surya Sen
Ultimately a villager revealed the hiding place of Surya Sen at village Gairala in Chittagong and in the early hours of 17 February 1933, a Gurkha contingent surrounded the hideout and a soldier seized Surya Sen while he was trying to break the cordon. Tarakeswar Dastidar, the new President of the Chittagong Branch Jugantar Party, made a preparation to rescue Surya Sen from the Chittagong Jail. But the plot was unearthed and consequently frustrated. Tarakeswar and Kalpana along with others were arrested. Special tribunals tried Surya Sen, Tarakeswar Dastidar, and Kalpana Datta in 1933.
Sentenced to death in August 1933, Surya Sen was hanged in the Chittagong Jail on 8 January 1934. At the time of his execution the detainees kept up a continuous chorus of revolutionary songs. The villager, who had revealed the hiding place of Surya Sen to the Police, was murdered in broad-day light on 8 January 1934.


Above is biography of a great Indian Armed Revolutionary

[t.shonku]

Singh, Ananta (1903-1979) a revolutionary, politician and one of the major participants in the looting of the Chittagong Armoury. Singh was born in Chittagong on 1 December 1903 where his ancestors had taken up residence after coming from Agra in India. His father's name was Golap Singh.
Ananta Singh did not study in educational institutions for an extended period of time. But he was in school when he became acquainted with Master'da surya sen (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/S_0623.HTM). He impressed him with his courage, organisational ability, valour, wit, intellect and devotion toward work. Ananta Singh soon became one of the closest associates of Surya Sen and earned his confidence. He eventually left his studies and joined Sen's revolutionary group. His skills in sports and physical exercises in boyhood helped him in his revolutionary activities.
He was inclined towards politics from his childhood. He motivated his schoolmates to joint the non-cooperation movement (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/N_0202.HTM) of Congress in 1921, although he himself never subscribed to its ideals. When the non-cooperation movement was called off, he devoted all his time to revolutionary activities. He used to make bombs and cartridges for the people working for the revolution. He had learnt the trade in his school days. His technique of making bombs was published but was attributed to an Englishman. It soon spread all over India.
He once led an operation to loot the money of the Assam-Bengal Railway Company to finance revolutionary activities. In the incident, he fought with the police and fled into the hilly areas after defeating them. Later, he was arrested when he reached Kolkata via Sandwip. He was set free but was arrested again for his activities in 1924 and was convicted then to four years' imprisonment. After coming out of jail, he changed his strategy. He set up a gymnasium and started indoctrinating young people in revolutionary activities. His organisational acumen and flawless planning came of great assistance in the looting of the Chittagong Armoury. After the incident, Chittagong city remained free from British rule for four days.
Many events centring on Ananta Singh took place after the looting of the armoury. When he and his group lost control of Chittagong in the incident, in which they had driven the English rulers out, they took shelter in French territory of Chandannagar. But on hearing the news of the trial and torture on his other mates in the mission, he surrendered before the police commissioner in Kolkata. He was sent to jail, but he next planned to blow it up with dynamite. However, he was caught while planting a dynamite on the jail wall. The incident compelled the British government to start talks with the revolutionists. Some experts believe that none of the accused in the Chittagong incident was hanged because of these talks. Ten of them, including Ananta Singh, were deported to the Andaman Islands. When he was sent to Andaman Cellular Jail in 1932, he started a hunger strike (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/H_0193.HTM) inside the prison. At Rabindranath's intervention and also because of Gandhi and others, he was taken to a jail in mainland India. He was set free one year before independence in 1946.
His political philosophy changed while he was in jail. He read Marxist literature and philosophy there and became converted to socialism. On leaving jail, he joined the Communist party. However, he kept himself away from active politics at the time. For a while he did business films and motor vehicles. But unfortunately for him he was sent to jail again an independent country for the bank robbery that he had committed part of his revolutionary activities under British rule. He was in jail for eight years (1969-1977). He suffered a cardiac attack in jail and was released a few months before he died because of the illness.
Ananta Singh wrote several important books describing his experience as a revolutionary. Among his notable works are Chattagram Yubabidroha (Youth revolution in Chittagong), Agnigarbha Chattagram (Chittagong, the place of fire), Master'da (on Surya Sen), Svapna O Sadhana (Dream and Realisation), Ami Sei Meye (I'm that girl), Keu Bale Dakat Keu Bale Biplabi (Some call me robber, some revolutionary) etc. His elder sister Indumati was also a revolutionary. She knew how to use arms and was jailed for her political activities. She helped Ananta Singh in his armed struggle. Ananta Singh died on 25 January 1979.

Above is biography of another Indian revolutionary who participated in Chittagong Armoury raid

[t.shonku]

Waddedar, Pritilata (1911-1932) revolutionary nationalist. Pritilata was born to a family of modest means. Her father was a clerk in the Chittagong Municipality. She was a meritorious student at the Khastagir High School of Chittagong and passed the matriculation examination in the first division in 1927. She continued her education in eden college (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/E_0020.HTM), Dhaka and in 1929, she passed the Intermediate examinations securing the first place among all the candidates from Dhaka Board. Two years later, Pritilata graduated in Philosophy with distinction from Bethune College of Kolkata.
Pritilata had participated in 'activities subversive to the state' since the period of studies in Eden College, where she became a member of Sree Sangha under the banner Dipali Sangha led by Lila Nag. In Calcutta she was a member of the Chhatri Sangha led by Kalayani Das. After graduation she returned to Chittagong and took up the job of the headmistress of a local English medium secondary school named Nandankanan Aparnacharan School.
In the 1930s, there were many revolutionary groups all over Bengal and Chittagong was a fertile land for the revolutionary activities. Members of these groups believed that India's freedom could be achieved only through armed struggle. Pritilata believed that the time had come for women to take a leading role in the armed struggle against the British, sacrifice their lives if necessary, and confront all risks, dangers and tribulations, on the same footing as their male comrades. One of Priti's brothers was involved in revolutionary politics.


http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/Images/WaddedarPritilata.jpg

Pritilata Waddedar
He introduced her to the famous revolutionary activist Mastarda surya sen (http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/S_0623.HTM)and although there was no provision for woman to join in revolutionary politics, he accepted Pritilata as the first woman member of his revolutionary group. She was involved in operations for destruction of the Telephone & Telegraph office and the capture of the reserve police line. She took part in the Jalalabad battle, in which her responsibility was to supply explosives.
In one assignment in 1930, Pritilata was sent to Alipur Central Jail of Calcutta to meet Ram Krishna, who was a political prisoner sentenced to death and put behind the bars under strict observation in complete seclusion. She could make it in time. Pritilata went to Dhalghat to meet with Mastarda at his hideout on 13 June 1932. The venue was surrounded by a police troop and there was a confrontation, in which some revolutionaries lost their lives. Mastarda and Pritilata were able to escape. Pritilata came back to her school. By that time her name was in the police list of the most-wanteds. Mastarda instructed her to leave the school and go underground just as the male revolutionaries of that time did. Pritilata and along with her, another woman revolutionary, Kalpana Datta went underground.
In 1932, Surya Sen planned an attack on the Pahartali European Club, which bore the notorious sign 'Dogs and Indians not allowed'. He assigned Pritilata to lead a team that would attack the Club on 23 September 1932. Members of the team were instructed to carry potassium cyanide with them so that in case they were caught by police they could swallow it before the arrest. The raid was successful but Pritilata, dressed as a man was trapped without a way of escape on that fateful night. She committed suicide by swallowing the cyanide. She was only 21 at death. Her martyrdom created a huge stir and acted as an inspiration for revolutionaries in Bengal and India

Above is life of another great lady revolutionary from pages of history.

[scarletghoul]

These heroes should be remembered and celebrated, not Gandhi. We are constantly told how great Gandhi was, but if it wasn't for people like the revolutionaries of Chittagong, Gandhi would have rotted away and no one would hear of him ! These are the real heroes of India. Thanks for sharing this

[t.shonku]

Gandhi was an absolute sell out,he sold out revolutionary cause of people just because of Chowri Chowra incident, he sold out Bhagat Singh’s life in exchange for a round table meeting with the British.The British often regarded Gandhi to be a man with whom they could do business with.
Besides India didn’t became free because of Gandhi,it became free because of Naval Revolt some what and mass uprising after WW2,I think if it wasn’t for the working class then India would still be a colony.I also think that rise of USSR might also have been a contributing factor.I think the British knew that their smoke and mirror wouldn’t last long and Communist would come to power in India that’s why they while running away gave India to Gandhi for them “Gandhi was a better option than a proletariat led government”



When one talks about a Mutiny in India one is immediately reminded of the Revolt of 1857 or as it is now called “The First War of Indian Independence”. However another mutiny that took place just before our independence is largely ignored.



This was the Naval Mutiny that started on February 18, 1946 in Bombay.











Like most revolts the Naval Mutiny too had a rather innocuous beginning. About a thousand ratings of HMIS TALWAR, the signal Training ship of the Royal Indian Navy in Bombay went on a hartal and a hunger strike. The incident which precipitated this unusual action was the alleged insult to an Indian rating by a British officer when the rating drew the officer’s attention to some of the problems they were facing.

This hartal was ignored by the Britishers and before they knew it they had a full fledged mutiny on their hands. Moreover unlike earlier this was a mutiny that received unprecedented public support. http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/7286/2091/400/NavalMutiny.jpg
That the British chose to ignore this hartal by a 1000 naval ratings was a bit surprising because just twelve days earlier 600 members, including officers of the Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) camp situated close by on Marine Drive went on a hunger strike as a protest against an insult by the Camp Commander. This hunger strike was supported by the RIAF men at Delhi, Lahore and Karachi forcing the British to take remedial measures.

The strike by the Naval ratings soon took serious proportions. Hundreds of strikers from the sloops, minesweepers and shore establishments in Bombay demonstrated for 2 hours along Hornby Road near VT (now the very busy D.N. Road near CST). British personnel of the Defence forces were singled out for attacks by the strikers who were armed only with hammers, crowbars and hockey sticks. The Union Jack was lowered from the ships and Congress and Muslim League flags were hoisted.

A reign of terror prevailed in Flora Fountain for an hour. Vehicles carrying mail were stopped and the mail burnt. British men and women going in cars and victorias were made to get down and shout “Jai Hind”. Guns were trained on the Taj Mahal hotel, the Yacht Club and other buildings from morning till evening.

Absolute chaos prevailed for the next few days. 2000 men of HMIS AKBAR joined the strike. There was firing on the naval ratings in Castle Barracks. 1000 RIAF men from the Marine Drive and Andheri Camps also joined in sympathy.

The strike soon spread to other parts of India. The ratings in Calcutta, Madras, Karachi and Vizag also went on strike shouting slogans “Strike for Bombay” “Release 11,000 INA prisoners” and “Jai Hind”.

Four days later, on the 22nd February, there was complete break down of law and order in Bombay. There was unprecedented arson and looting.



The most significant factor was that Hindus and Muslims combined to fight the British. And remember this was just before independence at the height of the movement for Pakistan. Even the burhka-clad women of Bhendi Bazaar, which was the worst affected area, joined in the agitation throwing pots and pans, from the roof tops, at the British soldiers who were called out to patrol the streets.

Shockingly this Mutiny in the armed forces got no support from the national leaders and like all mutinies before it was largely leaderless. Mahatma Gandhi, in fact, condemned the riots and the ratings’ mutiny. He said, “A combination between Hindus and Muslims for the purpose of violent actions is unholy and will lead to and would probably be a precursor to mutual violence – bad for India and the world.” Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was in Bombay, appealed to the agitators to give up violence and agreed to intervene only if they did so.

The British Government on the other hand clearly saw the writing on the wall. They realised that if the men of the Defence forces could not be relied upon then their hold on India would be very shaky. Also a hostile Navy would mean that the links with Britain would be severed.

On the 19th February, a day after the naval mutiny broke out, the British Government announced that a Cabinet Mission would come to India to work out details of Independence of the country from foreign rule.

The 60th anniversary of this amazing event passed by last month and not a pip about it either in the mainstream media or elsewhere. This despite the fact that the Naval Mutiny might have had a greater impact on the British than the Revolt of 1857.

[pranabjyoti]

These heroes should be remembered and celebrated, not Gandhi. We are constantly told how great Gandhi was, but if it wasn't for people like the revolutionaries of Chittagong, Gandhi would have rotted away and no one would hear of him ! These are the real heroes of India. Thanks for sharing this
Actually, the present rulers of India had done and is doing everything to keep them forgotten. Even films made on those brave martyrs had been under censor because this films shows the real heroes of Indian freedom struggle and a tight slap on the idiotic phrase "Gandhian non-violent freedom struggle has brought Indian independence". In fact, this Gandhian non-violence type BS had done more harm to Indians than benefit.
For a long time, imperialist and their pet intellectuals blame communism for the breaking of USSR, but so far, none had blamed Gandhi for the partition of India on communal basis and the riot afterward.

[scarletghoul]

Agreed. Gandhi and the British Empire are two sides of the same bourgeois coin. Revolutionaries must combat the counterrevolutionary ideology of 'non-violence'..

[t.shonku]

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association , Indian Revolutionary Organisation
It is reckoned as one amongst the Indian independence associations during the time of the British rule.





Hindustan Socialist Republican Association before 1928 was known as the Hindustan Republican Association. It is reckoned as one amongst the Indian independence associations during the time of freedom struggle. Bhagat Singh, Yogendra Shukla and Chandrasekar Azad were the key functionaries of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. The group is also considered one of the first socialist organisations in India. HSRA was invigorated by the ideologies of the Bolsheviks involvement in the Russian Revolution of 1917.

http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/5/BhagatSingh_10216.jpgHindustan Socialist Republican Association was first launched during a meeting in Bholachang village, Brahamabaria subdivision, East Bengal. Praiseworthy freedom fighters like- Pratul Ganguly, Narendra Mohan Sen and Sachindra Nath Sanyal were present at the meeting. The association was formed as an outgrowth of the Anushilan Samiti. The party was established with the aim to organise armed revolution in order to end the colonial rule and establish a Federal Republic of the United States of India. The name Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was implicative after a similar revolutionary body in Ireland.

During that period Gandhiji had declared to cancel the Non-cooperation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident. This decision of his created a lot of rancour amongst the youngsters. Some of them had jeopardised their careers for the movement. As HSRA was a revolutionary group, they attempted to loot a train. They were informed that the train was transferring government money. On 9th August 1925, the revolutionists ransacked the train. This now famous incident is known as the Kakori train robbery. As a result of the Kakori train robbery case, Ashfaqullah Khan, Ramprasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Lahiri were hanged to death. It was an important setback for the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was aiming to create a Federal Republic of the United States of India. But later they changed their focus towards creating an India based on the Socialist ideals of Lenin and Marx. Bhagat Singh declared this at the Ferozshah Kotla Ruins in Delhi on September 9th,1928. Afterwards, the association was renamed Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, from Hindustan Republican Association. HSRA in a non-violent protest advancement against the Simon Commission at Lahore decided to support Lala Lajpat Rai. But in the protest procession, the police plunged into a mass lathi-charge and the wounds imposed on Lalaji proved life-threatening to him. This incident was witnessed by Bhagat Singh and he swore to take revenge.

http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/6/chandrasekhar_10216.jpg It was decided by Hindustan Socialist Republican Association that the attempt would be taken against J A Scott, who had ordered the unlawful lathi-charge. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Chander Shekhar Azad and Jai Gopal were given the charge to execute the plan. It was designed that Jai Gopal would signal Bhagat Singh and Rajguru when J A Scott would come out of his office. At the appointed time, on 17th December 1928 at Lahore, a British official J. P. Saunders, the A.S.P., a youngman of 21 but a probationer stepped out of his office. Raj Guru swooped on the British official with a pistol at Jai Gopal`s signal. The bullet perforated through his neck and almost killed him. Bhagat Singh also rushed and pounced on him and fired four or five shots. J. P. Saunders died on the spot.

Incidentally it was a terrible miscalculation on the part of Jai Gopal. He failed to differentiate between Scott and Saunders. Chanan Singh- a head constable came forth to chase Bhagat Singh and Raj Guru, but Chandra Shekhar Azad shot Chanan down. The next day, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association came forward in public and in their proclamation said, "Inquilab Zindabad (Long Live Revolution). We don`t enjoy killing an individual, but this individual was ruthless, mean and part and parcel of an unjust system. It is necessary to destroy such a system. This man has been killed, because he was a cog in the wheel of British rule. This government is the worst of all governments."

Another significant action carried out by the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was the Assembly Bomb Case. The association adjudicated to burst a blank bomb in the Central Assembly in Delhi, in order to express opposition against the tyrannical legislation and arouse public opinion. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt offered to carry out the bombing and get arrested. The ideology behind the bombing was `to make the deaf government hear the voices of its oppressed people`. Bhagat Singh also believed that `the only way to successfully convey his message to the public of India was to propaganda from Court`. He believed that since all statements were registered in Court and then promulgated, they could benefit support for their crusade.

On April 8th 1929 when Vitthal Bhai Patel, President of the Central Assembly, moved up to give his ruling on failing to get an authority from the government that the bill would not be imposed retrospectively, a bomb was detonated near the empty treasure benches, followed by another bomb explosion. Panic predominated everywhere. Nobody got killed as it was not thought of. The hall got filled with smoke. Bhagat Singh and BK Dutt started crying out "Long Live Revolution, Down with Imperialism" as the smoke cleared. They also threw red leaflets on the floor, which began with the slogan of a French revolutionary "It needs a loud voice for a deaf to hear".

http://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/17/Raj_10216.jpgOn April 15th 1929, police raided the bomb factory of HSRA. As a result Kishori Lal, Sukhdev and Jai Gopal were arrested. The Assembly Bomb Case trial was started following this raid. On 23rd March 1931 Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged. The great nationalist Baikuntha Shukla was also hanged for murdering Phanindrananth Ghosh who had become a government approver which later on led to the hanging of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru. Baikuntha Shukla joined the freedom struggle at a young age and took active part in the `Salt Satyagraha` of 1930. He was also associated with revolutionary organisations like the Hindustan Seva Dal and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were executed in 1931, as a result of their trial in the `Lahore conspiracy case`. Their death penalty gave birth to tremendous agitation throughout the country. Phanindrananth Ghosh was a key figure of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. By turning into an approver, he betrayed the cause of the party. Baikuntha Shukla was given the charge to execute Phanindrananth Ghosh as an act of ideological revenge. He completed it in a successful manner on 9th November 1932. As a result Baikuntha Shukla was arrested and tried for murder. On May 14th 1934, Baikunth was convicted and hanged in Gaya Central Jail only at a young age of 28.

Another key revolutionary of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, Chandrasekar Azad was killed on 27th February 1931 in a gunfight with the police. With the death of Chandrashekar Azad and the hanging of its popular activists, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru, the fate of the association was yet indecipherable. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was always in the forefront of revolutionary movements in the northern parts of India. The association consisted of younger generations of U.P, Bihar, Punjab, Bengal and Maharashtra. The group possessed ideals, which were directly opposite to Mahatma Gandhi`s Congress.



This is a must read!
The link to this article is
http://www.indianetzone.com/21/hindustan_socialist_republican_association_indian_ extremist_organisation.htm

[t.shonku]

The following article is about a great Indian revolutionary and about his friends.
The following article has been taken from Wikipedia.

Here is the link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoy_Basu



Binoy Krishna Basu
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cb/Benoy_Krishna_Basu.jpg
Benoy Krishna Basu or Benoy Basu or Benoy Bose (1908-1930) was an Bengali Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter.



Early Life :

Basu was born on 11 September 1908, in the village Rohitbhog in the Munshiganj District, now in Bangladesh. His father, Rebatimohan Basu was an engineer.

After passing the Matriculation Examination in Dhaka, Benoy enrolled into the Mitford Medical School (now Sir Salimullah Medical College).Under the influence of Hemchandra Ghosh, a revolutionary of Dhaka ,Benoy joined the 'Mukti Sangha', a secret society closely connected with the Jugantar Party. He could not complete medical studies due to his association with revolutionary activities.

Revolutionary activities

Basu and his peer revolutionaries joined Bengal Volunteers - a group organised by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1928 , at the occasion of Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress.Soon Benoy started a local unit of the organisation in Dhaka , named Bengal Volunteers in Dacca .Later, the Bengal Volunteers became a more active revolutionary association and prepared a plan of "Operation Freedom" against the police repression in Bengal , especially against the inhuman conduct with the political prisoners in different jails.

In August 1930, the revolutionary group planned to kill Lowman, the Inspector General of Police who was due to present in the Medical School Hospital to see an ailing senior police official undergoing treatment.On 29 August 1930, Benoy casually clad in a traditional Bengali attire breached the security and fired at close range. Lowman died instantly and Hodson, the Superintendent of police, was grievously injured.

His identity was never a secret. A copy of his photo was taken out of college magazine and pasted all over. A reward of Rs. 10,000/- was announced. But Binoy was far from helping someone receiving it. He was ultimately caught only to die at the Medical College Hospital in Kolkata, after the Battle of the Verandah. In August, there are torrential rains in East Bengal. One such morning two Muslim villagers, with tatters covering their bare bodies were seen wading through knee-deep water. The nearest railway station, Dolaiganj, was their destination. They entered the platform which was swarming with policemen. Binoy's photo was pasted all around. The train from Dhaka to Narayanganj arrived. Every compartment was searched thoroughly. Binoy and his companion got into a third class compartment which was already over-crowded. When the train reached Narayanganj, the police searched not only the train but had instructions to search the boats also. A river had to be crossed before one could reach Kolkata. Binoy came to know of it through his own sources. When the train slowed near a flag station, he began to walk towards the Ghat for a boat. They had to hire one to cross the turbulent Meghna. They changed their address, from Muslim beggars in tatters to one of a Zamindar with a servant. For a while they had to travel by a steamer. The whole episode was like a scene from a film. The name of the companion was Supati Roy. On reaching the city, they avoided Sealdah, the terminus, and got down at Dum Dum, a small way-side station. The journey from there to the slum area of No. 7, Waliullah lane in Central Kolkata, was somewhat uneventful. But a long stay for unknown persons might arouse suspicion. Binoy shifted to a Colliery at Katras Garh and from there to a peaceful place in North Kolkata. But he always had the premonition that the police would soon find him out. His fear proved correct and the police chief, Sir Charles Tegart, arrived there with a posse of policemen. But the bird had flown out of the cage. A clever boy Binoy proved to be a step more intelligent

The last battle

The next target was Col NS Simpson,The Inspector General of Prisons, who was infamous for the brutal oppression on the prisoners in the jails. The revolutionaries decided not only to murder him, but also to strike a terror in the British official circles by launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Kolkata.

On 8 December 1930, Benoy along with Dinesh chandra Gupta and Badal Gupta, dressed in European costume, entered the Writers' Building and shot dead Simpson.

British police started firing.What ensued was a brief gunfight between the 3 young revolutionaries and the police.Some other officers like Twynam, Prentice and Nelson suffered injuries during the shooting.

Soon police overpowered them.However, the three did not wish to be arrested.Badal took Potassium cyanide, while Benoy and Dinesh shot themselves with their own revolvers.Benoy was taken to the hospital where he died on 13 December 1930.

Significance

The martyrdome and self-sacrifice of Benoy,Badal and Dinesh inspired further revolutionary activities in Bengal,in particular and India,in general.

After Indian independence, the Dalhousie square was named B.B.D. Bagh - after the Benoy-Badal-Dinesh trio.

[pranabjyoti]

Agreed. Gandhi and the British Empire are two sides of the same bourgeois coin. Revolutionaries must combat the counterrevolutionary ideology of 'non-violence'..
Gandhi is not even a bourgeoisie. He is some kind of hybrid of the worsts of capitalism and Asiatic feudalism.