Somayah Al-malki
17th March 2010, 23:34
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
DOGMA
For other uses, see Dogma (disambiguation).
Dogma is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or
any kind of organization: it is authoritative and not to be disputed,
doubted or diverged from. The term derives from Greek δόγμα "that which
seems to one, opinion or belief" and that from δοκέω (dokeo), "to think, to
suppose, to imagine". The plural is either dogmas or dogmata , from Greek
δόγματα.
.
.
.
Dogma in religion
Dogmata are found in many religions such as Christianity, Islam, and
Judaism, where they are considered core principles that must be upheld by
all followers of that religion. As a fundamental element of religion, the term
"dogma" is assigned to those theological tenets which are considered to
be well demonstrated, such that their proposed disputation or revision
effectively means that a person no longer accepts the given religion as his
or her own, or has entered into a period of personal doubt. Dogma is
distinguished from theological opinion regarding those things considered
less well-known. Dogmata may be clarified and elaborated but not
contradicted in novel teachings (e.g., Galatians 1:8-9). Rejection of
dogma may lead to expulsion from a religious group.
For most of Eastern Christianity, the dogmata are contained in the Nicene
Creed and the canons of two, three, or seven ecumenical councils
(depending on whether one is Nestorian, Oriental Orthodox, or Eastern
Orthodox). These tenets are summarized by St. John of Damascus in his
Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, which is the third book of his main
work, titled The Fount of Knowledge. In this book he takes a dual
approach in explaining each article of the Eastern Orthodox faith: one for
Christians, where he uses quotes from the Bible and, occasionally, from
works of other Fathers of the Church, and the second, directed both at
non-Christians (but who, nevertheless, hold some sort of religious belief)
and at atheists, for whom he employs Aristotelian logic and dialectics,
especially reductio ad absurdum.
Catholics also hold as dogma the decisions of fourteen later councils and
two decrees promulgated by popes' exercising papal infallibility (see
Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary). Protestants to differing
degrees affirm portions of these dogmata, and often rely on denomination-
specific 'Statements of Faith' which summarize their chosen dogmata (see,
e.g., Eucharist).
In Islam, the dogmatic principles are contained in the aqidah. Within many
Christian denominations, dogma is referred to as "doctrine". In debates
among Marxists the terms "dogma" and "dogmatic" are often used with a
negative connotation.
.
.
.
Other usage
The term "dogmatic" is often used disparagingly to refer to any belief that
is held stubbornly. It is sometimes applied to political beliefs , or even
anti-religious beliefs
A notable use of the term can be found in The Central Dogma of Molecular
Biology. In his autobiography, What Mad Pursuit, Crick wrote about his
choice of the word dogma and some of the problems it caused him:
I called this idea the central dogma, for two reasons, I suspect. I had
already used the obvious word hypothesis in the sequence hypothesis,
and in addition I wanted to suggest that this new assumption was more
central and more powerful. ... As it turned out, the use of the word dogma
caused almost more trouble than it was worth.... Many years later
Jacques Monod pointed out to me that I did not appear to understand the
correct use of the word dogma, which is a belief that cannot be doubted.
I did apprehend this in a vague sort of way but since I thought that all
religious beliefs were without foundation, I used the word the way I myself
thought about it, not as most of the world does, and simply applied it to a
grand hypothesis that, however plausible, had little direct experimental
support.
....
DOGMA
For other uses, see Dogma (disambiguation).
Dogma is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or
any kind of organization: it is authoritative and not to be disputed,
doubted or diverged from. The term derives from Greek δόγμα "that which
seems to one, opinion or belief" and that from δοκέω (dokeo), "to think, to
suppose, to imagine". The plural is either dogmas or dogmata , from Greek
δόγματα.
.
.
.
Dogma in religion
Dogmata are found in many religions such as Christianity, Islam, and
Judaism, where they are considered core principles that must be upheld by
all followers of that religion. As a fundamental element of religion, the term
"dogma" is assigned to those theological tenets which are considered to
be well demonstrated, such that their proposed disputation or revision
effectively means that a person no longer accepts the given religion as his
or her own, or has entered into a period of personal doubt. Dogma is
distinguished from theological opinion regarding those things considered
less well-known. Dogmata may be clarified and elaborated but not
contradicted in novel teachings (e.g., Galatians 1:8-9). Rejection of
dogma may lead to expulsion from a religious group.
For most of Eastern Christianity, the dogmata are contained in the Nicene
Creed and the canons of two, three, or seven ecumenical councils
(depending on whether one is Nestorian, Oriental Orthodox, or Eastern
Orthodox). These tenets are summarized by St. John of Damascus in his
Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, which is the third book of his main
work, titled The Fount of Knowledge. In this book he takes a dual
approach in explaining each article of the Eastern Orthodox faith: one for
Christians, where he uses quotes from the Bible and, occasionally, from
works of other Fathers of the Church, and the second, directed both at
non-Christians (but who, nevertheless, hold some sort of religious belief)
and at atheists, for whom he employs Aristotelian logic and dialectics,
especially reductio ad absurdum.
Catholics also hold as dogma the decisions of fourteen later councils and
two decrees promulgated by popes' exercising papal infallibility (see
Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary). Protestants to differing
degrees affirm portions of these dogmata, and often rely on denomination-
specific 'Statements of Faith' which summarize their chosen dogmata (see,
e.g., Eucharist).
In Islam, the dogmatic principles are contained in the aqidah. Within many
Christian denominations, dogma is referred to as "doctrine". In debates
among Marxists the terms "dogma" and "dogmatic" are often used with a
negative connotation.
.
.
.
Other usage
The term "dogmatic" is often used disparagingly to refer to any belief that
is held stubbornly. It is sometimes applied to political beliefs , or even
anti-religious beliefs
A notable use of the term can be found in The Central Dogma of Molecular
Biology. In his autobiography, What Mad Pursuit, Crick wrote about his
choice of the word dogma and some of the problems it caused him:
I called this idea the central dogma, for two reasons, I suspect. I had
already used the obvious word hypothesis in the sequence hypothesis,
and in addition I wanted to suggest that this new assumption was more
central and more powerful. ... As it turned out, the use of the word dogma
caused almost more trouble than it was worth.... Many years later
Jacques Monod pointed out to me that I did not appear to understand the
correct use of the word dogma, which is a belief that cannot be doubted.
I did apprehend this in a vague sort of way but since I thought that all
religious beliefs were without foundation, I used the word the way I myself
thought about it, not as most of the world does, and simply applied it to a
grand hypothesis that, however plausible, had little direct experimental
support.
....