Das war einmal
7th December 2009, 23:20
http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/12/01/world/international-us-russia-murder.html
ST PETERSBURG, Russia (Reuters) - Russia on Tuesday published previously secret documents that shed light on a notorious murder 75 years ago that historians say sparked the purges of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin.
The mysterious killing of Stalin's rival Sergei Kirov on December 1, 1934 has remained one of the Kremlin's most closely guarded riddles for decades because many of the key documents were immediately classified by the secret police.
Kirov, a fiery Bolshevik revolutionary whose popularity among ordinary Communist Party members by far outshone that of Stalin, was shot dead in a corridor near his office in Leningrad, now St Petersburg, by a man called Leonid Nikolayev.
Historians have long suspected that Stalin had Kirov killed to eliminate a rival and a potential threat.
But documents released on Tuesday by Russia's domestic intelligence agency -- including Nikolayev's diary, published with the permission of his son -- painted a picture of a disillusioned Communist Party functionary acting alone, out of bitterness and revenge.
Nikolayev had tried hard to rise to the top of the Leningrad Party hierarchy but instead was told to go and work at a factory in a lower position.
He decided to take revenge on Kirov after he was thrown out of the party for "breaching party discipline," denied treatment in a sanitorium despite having heart problems, and could no longer get food rations available to party apparatchiks.
"You can eat yourself now -- no money, no food," the father of two wrote in his diary. "For themselves, they (party leaders) hold garages with automobiles, for us they have sodden bread."
GREAT TERROR
After a summary trial held in December 1934, a military court founded Nikolayev and 13 others guilty of taking part in a terrorist organization called "the Leningrad Center." They were immediately executed.
This alleged conspiracy -- for which the newly published documents provided no evidence -- gave Stalin the pretext to launch the first wave of mass purges that ravaged Russia. Millions were killed and countless others had their lives ripped apart as his Great Terror moved toward its peak in 1937-38.
"After the murder of Kirov, Leningrad's population shrank by 35,000 people in the first quarter of 1935," Tatyana Sukharnikova, director of the Kirov Museum, told journalists and scientists.
"But there was neither cholera nor plague in the city at the time. This was a purge of the city -- complete with evictions, executions and (concentration) camps," she said, presenting yellowed pages of documents on an electronic screen.
The new evidence supported the theory, first expounded by politician and historian Alexander Yakovlev in 1990, that Nikolayev was a "lone terrorist," not part of a bigger plot.
"I am dying for political convictions," the assassin wrote several weeks before shooting Kirov.
"There is no free choice of life, I must die. I want to die with the same happiness that I was born with ... The strike must be made without the slightest miss."
(Writing by Dmitry Solovyov, editing by Mark Trevelyan)
ST PETERSBURG, Russia (Reuters) - Russia on Tuesday published previously secret documents that shed light on a notorious murder 75 years ago that historians say sparked the purges of Soviet dictator Josef Stalin.
The mysterious killing of Stalin's rival Sergei Kirov on December 1, 1934 has remained one of the Kremlin's most closely guarded riddles for decades because many of the key documents were immediately classified by the secret police.
Kirov, a fiery Bolshevik revolutionary whose popularity among ordinary Communist Party members by far outshone that of Stalin, was shot dead in a corridor near his office in Leningrad, now St Petersburg, by a man called Leonid Nikolayev.
Historians have long suspected that Stalin had Kirov killed to eliminate a rival and a potential threat.
But documents released on Tuesday by Russia's domestic intelligence agency -- including Nikolayev's diary, published with the permission of his son -- painted a picture of a disillusioned Communist Party functionary acting alone, out of bitterness and revenge.
Nikolayev had tried hard to rise to the top of the Leningrad Party hierarchy but instead was told to go and work at a factory in a lower position.
He decided to take revenge on Kirov after he was thrown out of the party for "breaching party discipline," denied treatment in a sanitorium despite having heart problems, and could no longer get food rations available to party apparatchiks.
"You can eat yourself now -- no money, no food," the father of two wrote in his diary. "For themselves, they (party leaders) hold garages with automobiles, for us they have sodden bread."
GREAT TERROR
After a summary trial held in December 1934, a military court founded Nikolayev and 13 others guilty of taking part in a terrorist organization called "the Leningrad Center." They were immediately executed.
This alleged conspiracy -- for which the newly published documents provided no evidence -- gave Stalin the pretext to launch the first wave of mass purges that ravaged Russia. Millions were killed and countless others had their lives ripped apart as his Great Terror moved toward its peak in 1937-38.
"After the murder of Kirov, Leningrad's population shrank by 35,000 people in the first quarter of 1935," Tatyana Sukharnikova, director of the Kirov Museum, told journalists and scientists.
"But there was neither cholera nor plague in the city at the time. This was a purge of the city -- complete with evictions, executions and (concentration) camps," she said, presenting yellowed pages of documents on an electronic screen.
The new evidence supported the theory, first expounded by politician and historian Alexander Yakovlev in 1990, that Nikolayev was a "lone terrorist," not part of a bigger plot.
"I am dying for political convictions," the assassin wrote several weeks before shooting Kirov.
"There is no free choice of life, I must die. I want to die with the same happiness that I was born with ... The strike must be made without the slightest miss."
(Writing by Dmitry Solovyov, editing by Mark Trevelyan)